Physiological and pathophysiological significance of neuropeptides in the nasal mucosa

1.本文用免疫组化方法对大鼠翼腭神经节内神经肽的分布和数量进行了电镜观察。在三叉神经节神经元周围，有丰富的降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）和SP免疫反应阳性的静脉曲张，与躯体棘或索马体形成突触联系，证实三叉神经节神经元和副交感神经节神经元的轴突侧支组成的反射弓是通过直接突触活动的。脑啡肽免疫反应性静脉曲张，这可能是来自副交感神经节前神经元，也作出了与躯体脊柱突触接触。2.利多卡因局部喷雾剂可明显抑制冷空气吸入引起的鼻气道阻力（NAR）的增加。氯化钠致鼻粘膜血管性染料渗漏 ...更多信息 辣椒素全身预处理有抑制豚鼠吸入陈旧空气的趋势。3.在鼻变态反应受试者中，鼻粘膜上的变应原激发引起鼻灌洗液中的SP的显著量，尽管是最小的，但局部滴注SP（量超过16 nmol）引起鼻粘膜血流量的显著增加，尽管是短暂的，并且NAR增加。由于SP不诱导打喷嚏，因此推测SP直接影响鼻脉管系统，而不是通过肥大细胞脱粒。4.在豚鼠鼻变态反应模型中，辣椒素全身预处理可显著抑制抗原刺激鼻粘膜引起的喷嚏。然而，辣椒素预处理仅倾向于抑制鼻粘膜肿胀和血管灌洗液增加。鼻变态反应中喷嚏反射的受累途径主要是SP和CGRP免疫反应阳性神经，粘膜肿胀和血管通透性增加主要是由化学介质的直接作用引起，部分是通过SP和CGRP神经的激活引起的。少

1. The distribution and quantity of neuropeptides in the rat pterygopalatine ganglion were studied immunohisto-electronmicroscopically by using complete serial paraffin sections of the ganglion immunostained with antiserum against several neuropeptides. Surrounding the ganglionic neurons, abundant Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and substance(SP)-immunoreactive varicosities were observed, which formed synaptic contacts with the somatic spine or soma.Above findings confirmed that the reflex arch, composed of axon collaterals of trigeminal ganglionic neurons and parasympathetic ganglionic neurons, operates through direct synapses. Enkephalin-immunoreactive varicosities, which were probably derived from parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, also made synaptic contact with the somatic spine. 2. Increase of nasal airway resistance(NAR) induced by cold air inhalation in man was inhibited significantly by topical lidocaine spray. Vascular leacage of dye in the nasal mucosa induced by c … More old air inhalation in the guinea pigs was tended to be inhibited by systemic capsaicin pretreatment. 3. In subjects with nasal allergy allergen challenge on the nasal mucosa caused, although minimal, significant amount of SP in nasal lavage.Topical instillation of SP (in the amount more than 16 nmol) caused significant, although transient, increase of nasal mucosal blood flow and increase of NAR. As SP did not induce sneezed, SP was assumed to affect directly on the nasal vasculature, not via mast cell degranulation. 4. In guinea pig model of nasal allergy, sneezed induced by antigen challenge on the nasal mucosa could be inhibited significantly by systemic capsaicin pretreatment. However nasal mucosal swelling and increased vascular lavage was only tended to be inhibited by capsaicin pretreatment. Affected pathway of sneeze reflex in nasal allergy was thought to be in SP and CGRP immunoreactive nerves, Mucosal swelling and enhanced vascular permeability were assumed to be caused mainly by direct effects of chemical mediators and only partially via activation of SP and CGRP nerves. Less