Study of the Basic Cognitive Processes of Objects, Movement, and Space by Geometrical Optical Illusion

1. 线性透视的研究。将一个直角平行六面体放置在格子图案上。场景被投影在一个平面上，投影角度是可变的。这些投影以不同的角度一个接一个地呈现出来。受试者对格子的宽度、投影图像的高度和宽度进行打分。结果表明：a.恒常性依赖于物体的现实性和具体性，随着现实性和具体性的增加，恒常性表现得更加强烈；b.横向恒常性高于纵向恒常性，表现出形状恒常性的降低。2. 对rho运动和所谓的α运动的认知研究。当弗雷泽图形旋转时，观察到rho运动。我们假设s设定了以原点为图形中心的心理轴，并感知与这些轴相关的运动，并构建了一个模型来解释运动的认知过程。在Muller-Lyer图观察到的所谓alpha-movement的研究中，指出alpha-movement实际上是由beta-movement的认知机制产生的。3. 不变与变动之间的竞争。对一个对象的持续认知是一种非常重要的认知方式。然而，另一方面，人们对客体具有多重认知。认为这两种认知过程在结构信息加工的恒常性和转移性之间存在隐性竞争。4. 基于运动观察者视觉图像运动的深度感知。当观察者摇动身体时，就会产生运动视差。在观察距离较短的情况下，运动视差对真实和虚拟景深的感知差异不大。但在较长的距离下，虚拟情况下的深度比真实情况下容易被高估。因此，上述视错觉和视运动的研究在模式认知和空间认知方面产生了有趣的结果。

1. Study of linear perspective. A rectangular parallelepiped was placed on a lattice pattern. The scene was projected on a plane with the projective angle as variable. The projections were presented, one by one, with different angles to the subjects. The subjects rated widthes of lattices, height and width of the projected figure. The results showed that a. constancy is dependent on the reality and concreteness of the object, and appears more strongly with increasing reality and concreteness, b. constancy is higher in the lateral direction than in the longitudinal direction, showing decrease of the shape constancy. 2. Cognitive study of rho-movement and socalled alpha-movement. rho-movement is observed when the Fraser figure is rotated. We assumed that Ss set mental axes of which the origin is the center of the figure and perceive rho-movement related with the axes, and constructed a model to explain the cognitive process of the movement. In the study of so-called alpha-movement observed with Muller-Lyer figure, it was pointed out that alpha-movement is actually produced by the cognitive mechanism of beta-movement. 3. Rivalry between constancy and shift. Constant cognition of an object is a very important way of cognition. On the other hand, however, people have multiple cognition of the object. It was argued that the two types of cognitive process should get implicit rivalry between structural information processings for constancy and shift. 4. Depth perception based on the motion of visual image of moving observer. When an observer sways the body, it produces the motion parallax. The depth perception by the motion parallax is little different between real and virtual situations when observing distance is short. But for longer distance, the depth tends to be overestimated in virtual situation than in real situation.Thus, the studies of visual illusion and apparent motion above produced interesting results concerning pattern cognition and space cognition.