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Study of the Basic Cognitive Processes of Objects, Movement, and Space by Geometrical Optical Illusion

用几何视错觉研究物体、运动和空间的基本认知过程

基本信息

批准号：
03451012
负责人：
IMAI Shiro
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Study of linear perspective. A rectangular parallelepiped was placed on a lattice pattern. The scene was projected on a plane with the projective angle as variable. The projections were presented, one by one, with different angles to the subjects. The subjects rated widthes of lattices, height and width of the projected figure. The results showed that a. constancy is dependent on the reality and concreteness of the object, and appears more strongly with increasing reality and concreteness, b. constancy is higher in the lateral direction than in the longitudinal direction, showing decrease of the shape constancy. 2. Cognitive study of rho-movement and socalled alpha-movement. rho-movement is observed when the Fraser figure is rotated. We assumed that Ss set mental axes of which the origin is the center of the figure and perceive rho-movement related with the axes, and constructed a model to explain the cognitive process of the movement. In the study of so-called alpha-movement observed with Muller-Lyer figure, it was pointed out that alpha-movement is actually produced by the cognitive mechanism of beta-movement. 3. Rivalry between constancy and shift. Constant cognition of an object is a very important way of cognition. On the other hand, however, people have multiple cognition of the object. It was argued that the two types of cognitive process should get implicit rivalry between structural information processings for constancy and shift. 4. Depth perception based on the motion of visual image of moving observer. When an observer sways the body, it produces the motion parallax. The depth perception by the motion parallax is little different between real and virtual situations when observing distance is short. But for longer distance, the depth tends to be overestimated in virtual situation than in real situation.Thus, the studies of visual illusion and apparent motion above produced interesting results concerning pattern cognition and space cognition.

1.研究线性透视。一个长方体被放置在格子图案上。以投影角为变量将场景投影到平面上。这些预测是从不同的角度逐一提出的。受试者对网格的宽度、投影图形的高度和宽度进行评分。结果表明，A.恒定性依赖于对象的现实性和具体性，并且随着现实性和具体性的增加而表现得更强，B。在横向方向上的恒定性比在纵向方向上的恒定性高，这表明形状恒定性降低。2. rho运动和所谓的alpha运动的认知研究。当弗雷泽图形旋转时，观察到rho运动。我们假设被试以图形中心为原点设置心理轴，感知与轴相关的运动，并构建了一个模型来解释运动的认知过程。在用Muller-Lyer图观察所谓的α运动的研究中，指出α运动实际上是由β运动的认知机制产生的。3.恒常与变化之间的竞争。对事物的恒常认识是一种非常重要的认识方式。但另一方面，人们对客体又有着多重认知。这两种认知过程在结构信息加工中存在着内隐竞争。4.基于运动观察者视觉图像运动的深度感知。当观察者摆动身体时，它产生运动视差。当观察距离较短时，由运动视差引起的深度感知在真实的和虚拟的情况之间差别不大。但当距离较长时，虚拟情境中的深度往往比真实的情境中的深度被高估。因此，上述关于视错觉和视运动的研究在模式认知和空间认知方面产生了有趣的结果。