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Sugar imetabolism of the fruit and its involvement in fruit growth

果实糖代谢及其对果实生长的影响

基本信息

批准号：
03454046
负责人：
YONEMORI Keizo
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the formation of sink strength by the fruit, using persimmon fruits of cv.Hiratanenashi with calyx lobes removed as a model material.1. The fruit growth of persimmon was greatly inhibited when calyx lobes were removed at early stages of growth. Both gibberellin-like activity and abscisic acid content were decreased after the calyx lobe removal. Moreover, sugar composition of the fruit was remarkably affected by the calyx lobe removal. Coincident with growth inhibition of the treated fruits, the ratio of surcrose to hexoses(glucose and friutose) increased significantly in the flesh It may create an unsuitable gradient for further import of the assimilates by the fruit, since sucrose is the translocated sugar in persimmon.2. As changes in constitutibe sugar were found by calyx lobe removal coincident with fruit growth inhibition, the enzyme related to sugar metabolism was investigated after calyx lobe removal. The modification in sugar metabolism of the treated fruit may be due to decline of acid invertase activity. High level of inhibition of acid invertase acitvity was exhibition in fruits with the calyx lobes removed at early growth stages.3. The effects of calyx lobes removal on the CO_2 exchange rate of attached persimmon fruit was investigated during two growing season. It revealed that CO_2 exchange rate was remarkably influenced as well as fruit growth by calyx lobe removal. The calyx lobe removal at early stages of fruit growth greatly inhibited fruit CO_2 exchange rate. Since rapid decrease in CO_2 exchange rate reflects the decline of respiration rate of the fruit, this may indicate the inhibition of de novo protein synthesis in the fruit, including acid invertase.We now conclude that the main cause of fruit inhibition by calyx lobe removal is the decline of fruit respiration, and that this decline will induce the inhibition of enzyme activity which affects the metabolism for the growth of the fruit.

本研究以去除萼叶后的平谷梨柿果实为模型材料，探讨果实库强度形成的机理.在柿果生长初期摘除萼叶，对柿果的生长有明显的抑制作用。去除萼叶后，类赤霉素活性和脱落酸含量均降低。此外，去萼对果实的糖组成也有显著影响。与处理果实的生长抑制相一致的是，果实中蔗糖与己糖（葡萄糖和果糖）的比例显著增加，这可能会产生一个不合适的梯度，因为蔗糖是柿子中转移的糖，所以果实进一步输入同化物.由于去萼后果实的糖代谢发生了变化，同时果实生长受到抑制，因此对去萼后果实糖代谢相关酶进行了研究。处理果实糖代谢的改变可能是由于酸性转化酶活性下降所致。在果实生长初期摘除萼叶，对酸性转化酶活性的抑制作用最强.研究了两个生长季内摘除柿叶对柿果实CO_2交换速率的影响。结果表明，摘除萼叶对CO_2交换速率和果实生长有显著影响。在果实生长初期摘除萼叶对果实CO_2交换速率有明显的抑制作用。由于CO_2交换速率的迅速下降反映了果实呼吸速率的下降，这可能表明果实中蛋白质的从头合成受到抑制，包括酸性转化酶的合成，我们认为去萼抑制果实生长的主要原因是果实呼吸速率的下降，而这种下降又会导致影响果实生长代谢的酶活性受到抑制。