Study of ultrastructures of the interfaces between bone and bioactive ceramics using transmission electron microscopy

为了探讨生物活性陶瓷的结合机理，用扫描和透射电子显微镜对生物活性陶瓷与骨的界面进行了研究。材料为含磷灰石-硅灰石微晶玻璃(A-W GC)、Bioglass&lt；@d1()SY.enCircld2.[)@&gt；D1型玻璃(Bioglass)、Ceravtal&lt；@d1(]SY.enCircldR.[)@&gt；D1型微晶玻璃(KGS)、羟基磷灰石(HA)、方解石、β-磷酸三钙(TCP)。这些材料的颗粒大小在100亩到300亩之间。植入8周后的Bioglass、Ceravial和A-W GC标本显示，材料通过一层无胶原层的细小磷灰石晶体与骨结合，称为“中间磷灰石层”。这层磷灰石中的晶体和骨的晶体在它们的界面上混合在一起，表明存在化学结合。表面的磷灰石晶体呈夹层状，形成g-…。A-W GC、Bioglass和KGS三种材料表面均有较多的Lassy相。在植入后3天制备的界面骨和A-W GC中未观察到这种磷灰石层，而在种植7天后制备的界面骨中形成了这种磷灰石层。A-W-GC面向骨髓组织的表面形成了磷灰石层，HA中夹杂的磷灰石层不明显，有时甚至不存在；方解石和磷酸三钙中未观察到夹杂的磷灰石层，两种材料与骨直接接触。由于降解，植入物的表面变得粗糙，骨生长成最细小的表面不规则。这些结果表明，表面活性陶瓷如A-W GC、Bioglass和KGS与生物可吸收陶瓷如方解石和磷酸三钙之间的结合机制有所不同，HA在表面活性陶瓷和生物可吸收陶瓷之间表现出中间类型的结合机制。较少

To investigate the bonding-mechanism of bioactive ceramics, the interface between bioactive ceramics and bone were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The materials used are apatite-wollastonite-containing glassceramic (A-W GC), Bioglass<@D1(] SY.encircled2.[)@>D1-type glass (Bioglass), Ceravital<@D1(] SY.encircledR.[)@>D1-type glassceramic (KGS), hydroxyapatite (HA), Calcite, and beta-Tricalcium phosphate (TCP).Particles of these materials ranging between about 100mu and 300mu were implanted into rat tibiae. The specimen of Bioglass, Ceravital and A-W GC after implanted in 8 weeks demonstrated that materials bondedto bone through a collagen-free later consisting of fine apatite crystals distinct from that in bone, which was designated "intervening apatite layer". Crystals in this apatite layer and those of bone were intermingled at their interface, suggesting chemical bonding. Apatite crystals like intervening apatite layer on the surface were formed into g … More lassy phases in the surfaces of these three materials, A-W GC, Bioglass and KGS. This apatite layer was not observed in theinterface bone and A-W GC prepared three days after implantation but it was formed in that prepared seven days after implantation. Apatite layer was formed in the surface of A-W GC facing to bone marrow tissues.In HA, an intervening apatite layer was much less distinct and sometimes absent.In Calcite and TCP, no intervening apatite layer was not observed and two materials showed direct contact with bone. The surfaces of the implants became rough due to degradation and bone grew into the finest surface irregularities. However, we were unable to demonstrate any continuity of crystals between the resorbable implants and bone by high-resolution TEM.These results revealed that there is some difference in bonding mechanisms between surface active ceramics like A-W GC, Bioglass and KGS, and bioresorbable ceramics like Calcite and TCP and that HA showed intermediate type of bonding mechanism between surface active ceramics and bioresorbable ceramics. Less