History of Familial Education in England

本文将以往历史研究中所涉及到的、《大英图书馆简编目录》中收录的有关16 - 19世纪英国家庭教育的著作作了一个列表。特别是对于18世纪的世纪书籍，我们使用了短标题目录（光盘版）。通过对托马斯·雷诺兹的《曼金德的伯思》（1545）、威廉·古奇的《论家庭义务》（1622）、托马斯·特里翁的《教育儿童的新方法》（1695）等家庭教育著作的分析，我们可以发现：1）“教育”一词的意思是"生育和养育"，用于家庭活动。（2）家庭教育是一种真正的“教育”，它的谱系可以追溯到家庭经济学和助产学的谱系中;（3）从这些谱系中，逐渐而明显地出现了独立的家庭教育学著作。在这一过程中，“教育”一词逐渐被学术化，并被赋予了学校活动的意义。4）家庭教育书籍由男性作家的“父书”向“母书”转变，这一转变完成于世纪。

We made a list of all bookd on the famlial education in the 16th - 19th century England which were referded to in former historical researches and were included in British Library Short Title Catalog. Especially, as for the 18th century books, we used Short Title Catalog (CD-ROM-Edition). And we analyzed familial education books, for example, Thomas Reynolds, The Byrth of Mankynde (1545), William Gouge, Of Domestical duties (1622), Thomas Tryon, A New Method of Educating Children (1695), and so on. By our research above mentioned, we could find such historical tendencies as the following ;1) The term "education" meant <san-iku (bringing forth and breeding up) > and was used in the context of household activities. And it was distinguished from "instruction" and "institution", that is, school-works.2) Accordingly, familial education was very the "education", whose genealogy should be traced in the genelogy of oeconomics (=household books) and midwifery.3) From such genealogies sprang independent books on familial education gradually and evidently. In such process, "education" was scholalized and became used with the meaning of school activities.4) Books on familial education changed from those for fathers by male writers to those for mothers, which was completed in the 19th century.