History of Familial Education in England

我们整理了16 - 19世纪英国所有历史研究中涉及到的、收录在大英图书馆《短标题目录》中的关于家庭教育的书籍。特别是，对于18世纪的书籍，我们使用了短标题目录（cd - rom版）。我们还分析了家庭教育书籍，例如托马斯·雷诺兹的《人类的诞生》（1545年）、威廉·古日的《论家务》（1622年）、托马斯·特赖恩的《教育儿童的新方法》（1695年）等。通过上述研究，我们可以发现以下几个历史趋势：1)“教育”一词的意思是“生育”，用于家庭活动。它区别于“教学”和“机构”，即学校工程。2)因此，家庭教育是非常“教育”，其家谱可以追溯到经济学（=家书）和助产学的家谱。从这样的家谱中，逐渐而明显地出现了关于家庭教育的独立书籍。在这一过程中，“教育”一词被学院化，带有学校活动的含义。4)家庭教育书籍从男性作家为父亲撰写的书籍转变为为母亲撰写的书籍，这在19世纪完成。

We made a list of all bookd on the famlial education in the 16th - 19th century England which were referded to in former historical researches and were included in British Library Short Title Catalog. Especially, as for the 18th century books, we used Short Title Catalog (CD-ROM-Edition). And we analyzed familial education books, for example, Thomas Reynolds, The Byrth of Mankynde (1545), William Gouge, Of Domestical duties (1622), Thomas Tryon, A New Method of Educating Children (1695), and so on. By our research above mentioned, we could find such historical tendencies as the following ;1) The term "education" meant <san-iku (bringing forth and breeding up) > and was used in the context of household activities. And it was distinguished from "instruction" and "institution", that is, school-works.2) Accordingly, familial education was very the "education", whose genealogy should be traced in the genelogy of oeconomics (=household books) and midwifery.3) From such genealogies sprang independent books on familial education gradually and evidently. In such process, "education" was scholalized and became used with the meaning of school activities.4) Books on familial education changed from those for fathers by male writers to those for mothers, which was completed in the 19th century.