Historical Research of Fetus Education in Europe and the United States

通过历史研究，我们发现：（1）尽管大多数教育史家倾向于承认，在日本占主导地位的胎教话语仅限于东方地区，但在欧洲历史上，我们发现了大量关于胚胎或胎儿教育的话语。(2)柏拉图和亚里士多德在他们的名著《法律与政治》中提到了胎教。此外，希波克拉底和索拉纳斯强调了妇女的养生法，她们的孩子在子宫里。(3)古代的话语被传播到早期现代助产书籍和家庭管理书籍通过中世纪;例如，詹姆斯Guillemeau，分娩，1612年，和威廉Gouge，家庭职责，1622年。(4)在托马斯特里翁的《一种教育儿童的新方法》（1695年）中，我们可以找到一个典型而详细的关于胎儿教育的论述。(5)特里翁认为胎儿是一个微观宇宙，就像帕拉塞尔苏斯一样。因此，特里翁强调母亲和胎儿之间的同情。(6)然而，这种同情思想在世纪初的英国被关于母亲想象力的争论所打破。母亲的想象力对胎儿的影响被否定了。胎儿不再是母亲子宫里的一个微观宇宙。(7)我们的报告论文由三个章节组成：欧洲胎儿教育的谱系，欧洲胎儿教育选集，J. P.弗兰克的医疗政策和人口实践。

Our Findings through our historical research are as follows :(1) We discovered plenty of discourses on embryo or fetus education in European history, though most historians of education inclined to admit that discourses of fetus education which has been dominant in Japan were restricted in oriental areas.(2) Plato and Aristotle referred to fetus education in their famous books (Law and Politics). Further, Hippocrates and Soranus emphasized the regimen of women who were with their child in their wombs.(3) Ancient discourses were transmitted to early modern midwifery books and house-management books through middle ages ; For example, James Guillimeau, Child-birth, 1612, and William Gouge, Of Domesticall Duties, 1622.(4) We could find a typical and detailed discourse of fetus education in Thomas Tryon, A New Method of Educating Children, 1695.(5) Tryon considered the fetus as a micro-cosmos in the same way as Paracelsus. Therefore, Tryon emphasized the sympathy between the mother and the fetus.(6) However, such thought of sympathy was broken down by the dispute over the power of the mother's imagination in the early 18th century England. The influence of mother's imagination on the fetus was denied. The fetus ceased to be a micro-cosmos in the mother's womb.(7) Our report papers are consisted of 3 chapters ; Genealogy of Fetus Education in Europe, Anthology of European Fetus Education, J.P.Frank's Medical police and Demographic Practice.