Historical Research of Fetus Education in Europe and the United States

我们的历史研究发现：(1)尽管大多数教育史家倾向于承认在日本占主导地位的胎教话语在东方地区受到限制，但我们在欧洲历史上发现了大量关于胚胎或胎儿教育的话语。(2)柏拉图和亚里士多德在他们的名著（法律和政治）中提到了胎儿教育。此外，希波克拉底和索拉努斯强调妇女的养生法，她们的孩子在子宫里。(3)古代话语通过中世纪传播到早期现代助产书籍和房屋管理书籍中；比如詹姆斯·吉里莫，1612年，《分娩》威廉·古日，1622年，《论家务》(4)托马斯·特赖恩的《教育儿童的新方法》（1695）对胎儿教育进行了典型而详尽的论述。(5)特赖恩和巴拉塞尔苏斯一样，认为胎儿是一个微观的宇宙。因此，特赖恩强调母亲和胎儿之间的同情。(6)然而，这种同情的想法在18世纪早期的英国被关于母亲想象力的争论打破了。否认母亲的想象对胎儿的影响。胎儿在母亲的子宫里不再是一个微观的宇宙。(7)我们的报告论文由3章组成；《欧洲胎儿教育谱系》、《欧洲胎儿教育选集》、《弗兰克的医学警察与人口实践》。

Our Findings through our historical research are as follows :(1) We discovered plenty of discourses on embryo or fetus education in European history, though most historians of education inclined to admit that discourses of fetus education which has been dominant in Japan were restricted in oriental areas.(2) Plato and Aristotle referred to fetus education in their famous books (Law and Politics). Further, Hippocrates and Soranus emphasized the regimen of women who were with their child in their wombs.(3) Ancient discourses were transmitted to early modern midwifery books and house-management books through middle ages ; For example, James Guillimeau, Child-birth, 1612, and William Gouge, Of Domesticall Duties, 1622.(4) We could find a typical and detailed discourse of fetus education in Thomas Tryon, A New Method of Educating Children, 1695.(5) Tryon considered the fetus as a micro-cosmos in the same way as Paracelsus. Therefore, Tryon emphasized the sympathy between the mother and the fetus.(6) However, such thought of sympathy was broken down by the dispute over the power of the mother's imagination in the early 18th century England. The influence of mother's imagination on the fetus was denied. The fetus ceased to be a micro-cosmos in the mother's womb.(7) Our report papers are consisted of 3 chapters ; Genealogy of Fetus Education in Europe, Anthology of European Fetus Education, J.P.Frank's Medical police and Demographic Practice.