Study of Transmission of Ancient Greek and Roman Literature

古希腊罗马文学传承研究

• 批准号: 05610424
• 负责人: OGAWA Masahiro
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05610424/
• 关键词: Greece; Rome; Oral poetry; book; Folklore; Myth; Homer; Orient; 口承; 文字使用; パピルス; ギリシァ文化; 巻本; 冊子本; 書体; 口承詩; 筆写; 書物の発達; パピルス文書; 識字率

The oldest extant literature of Greek and Roman antiquity is Homer's epic poems which were formed during the eighth century BC.There was a tradition of the oral creation and transmission behind the Homeric literature. On the other hand the Greek alphabet was invented between the tenth and the eighth century BC and its usage was being propagated slowly in the Homeric times. It resulted from these circumstances that Homer's poems were recorded in letters and were left to us in the form of book, although the mainstream of the transmission of Greek literature after that was still the oral performance for a log time.Oral creation and transmission can be regarded as a form of open culure. Therefore the Homeric epics accepted and integrated various myths and folklore so that they grew into a big tree and became the greatest monument of ancient Greek culture. But it was not only the oral culture of Greek world that they absorbed and assimilated. As Homer lived and worked in Ionia, the west coast of Asia Minor, where people had made cultural exchanges since old times, we can find in the Homeric works many influences of oriental literary culture.This study aimed to clarify various forms of transmission of the ancient literature, especially those of the Greek and Roman epic poetry from Homer's on. We considered interactions between orality and lietracy, but we also paid attention to the questions on acceptance and transformation of the traditional mythic stories which had certain structures. Particularly we were interested in the connections between the Greek and Roman literature and the oriental traditions, which we hope to continue to investigate in our future works.

现存最古老的希腊罗马古代文学是形成于公元前八世纪的荷马史诗。荷马文学背后有着口头创作和传播的传统。另一方面，希腊字母是在公元前十世纪到公元前八世纪之间发明的，它的使用在荷马时代慢慢传播。正是在这种情况下，荷马的诗歌被记录在书信中，并以书籍的形式留给我们，尽管此后希腊文学传播的主流在很长一段时间内仍然是口头表现。口头创作和传播可以被视为一种开放文化的形式。因此，荷马史诗接受并融合了各种神话和民间传说，使其长成一棵大树，成为古希腊文化最伟大的丰碑。但他们吸收和同化的不仅仅是希腊世界的口头文化。由于荷马生活和工作在小亚细亚西海岸的爱奥尼亚，自古以来人们就在这里进行文化交流，因此在荷马的作品中我们可以看到许多东方文学文化的影响。本研究旨在厘清古代文学，特别是荷马以来的希腊和罗马史诗的各种传播形式。我们考虑口语与文学的互动，但也关注对具有一定结构的传统神话故事的接受与改造问题。我们特别对希腊和罗马文学与东方传统之间的联系感兴趣，我们希望在未来的作品中继续研究这一点。

项目成果

小川正廣: "「西洋の父」ウェルギリウス" 地中海学会月報. 178(掲載予定). (1995)

小川正宏：“维吉尔，‘西方之父’”地中海学会月刊 178（待出版）。

Masahiro Ogawa: "Changing Views on Virgil" The Journal of the Faculty of Letters Nagoya University. 115. 215-233 (1993)

小川正宏：“改变对维吉尔的看法”名古屋大学文学院学报。

小川正廣: "岡先生とラテン文学" 西洋古典論集. 11. 15-23 (1994)

小川正宏：《冈先生与拉丁文学》西方经典集。11. 15-23 (1994)。

小川正廣: "民話から叙事詩へ-アキレウスの選択とポイニスクの訓話(『イリアス』第9巻)-" 名古屋大学文学部研究論集. 124. 183-218 (1996)

小川正博：《从民间故事到史诗——阿喀琉斯的选择与波尼斯克的话语（《伊利亚特》第9卷）》名古屋大学文学部研究集124。183-218（1996）。

小川正廣: "ウエルギリウス研究-ローマ詩人の創造-" 京都大学学術出版会, 600 (1994)

小川正博：《维吉尔研究——罗马诗人的创造》京都大学学术出版社，600（1994）