Study of Transmission of Ancient Greek and Roman Literature

现存最古老的希腊和罗马古代文学是荷马史诗，它形成于公元前8世纪。在荷马文学的背后，有一种口头创作和传播的传统。另一方面，希腊字母是在公元前10世纪到公元前8世纪之间发明的，它的使用在荷马时代缓慢传播。正是由于这种情况，荷马的诗歌才得以以书信的形式记录下来，并以书籍的形式留给我们，尽管在那之后很长一段时间里，希腊文学传播的主流仍然是口头表演。口头创作和传播可以看作是一种开放的文化形式。因此，荷马史诗接受并融合了各种神话和民间传说，长成了一棵大树，成为古希腊文化最伟大的丰碑。但他们吸收和同化的不仅仅是希腊世界的口头文化。由于荷马生活和工作在自古就有文化交流的小亚细亚西海岸的伊奥尼亚，我们可以在荷马的作品中发现许多东方文学文化的影响。本研究旨在厘清古代文学，尤其是荷马之后的希腊和罗马史诗的各种传播形式。我们既考虑了口述与叙事的相互作用，也关注了具有一定结构的传统神话故事的接受与转化问题。我们特别感兴趣的是希腊和罗马文学与东方传统之间的联系，我们希望在未来的工作中继续研究。

The oldest extant literature of Greek and Roman antiquity is Homer's epic poems which were formed during the eighth century BC.There was a tradition of the oral creation and transmission behind the Homeric literature. On the other hand the Greek alphabet was invented between the tenth and the eighth century BC and its usage was being propagated slowly in the Homeric times. It resulted from these circumstances that Homer's poems were recorded in letters and were left to us in the form of book, although the mainstream of the transmission of Greek literature after that was still the oral performance for a log time.Oral creation and transmission can be regarded as a form of open culure. Therefore the Homeric epics accepted and integrated various myths and folklore so that they grew into a big tree and became the greatest monument of ancient Greek culture. But it was not only the oral culture of Greek world that they absorbed and assimilated. As Homer lived and worked in Ionia, the west coast of Asia Minor, where people had made cultural exchanges since old times, we can find in the Homeric works many influences of oriental literary culture.This study aimed to clarify various forms of transmission of the ancient literature, especially those of the Greek and Roman epic poetry from Homer's on. We considered interactions between orality and lietracy, but we also paid attention to the questions on acceptance and transformation of the traditional mythic stories which had certain structures. Particularly we were interested in the connections between the Greek and Roman literature and the oriental traditions, which we hope to continue to investigate in our future works.