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都市域での流出抑制施設形式とその効果の比較研究

城市径流控制设施类型及其效果比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
05680362
负责人：
高木不折
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05680362/
关键词：
浸水問題流出抑制浸透能都市化各戸貯留

项目摘要

近年、都市河川においては内水氾濫と水質悪化という環境問題が深刻化している。これらは、都市化により地表が舗装され流出率が高くなり、さらに流出のスピードが早くなることにより直接流出分が多く浸水被害を起こすと同時に低水流出分への供給が少なくなり平常時の流量がきわめて少なくなることによる。水質悪化はもちろん下水道・下水処理施設の整備の遅れによる部分が多いが、低水流量の減少による希釈・自浄能力の低下も大きな要因となっている。これら浸水問題・水環境問題いずれにとっても、都市化により流域の自然が失ってきた能力・機能が原因となっているということが出来る。これらの機能を回復する施策として、(1)一時的に貯留しゆっくり流出させる、(2)雨水をできるだけ地中に浸透させる、といった方法がとられつつある。本研究では(1)については、各戸貯留を対象にし、流しながら貯留できる施設として、三角ぜきを有する貯留施設と底部にオリフィスを有する円柱形の貯留施設について、モデル流域を想定し数値計算を行いその流出抑制効果を比較した。その結果、三角ぜきの方が効果は大きいが、オリフィスタイプの効果も大きく、設置のための用地を考えると有望な施設であることが確かめられた。(2)に関しては、浸透施設の能力評価の基礎として、浸透能の試験を行い、自然の森林地と人工的土地(大学構内)とを比較し、さらに植生との関係について検討した。その結果、人工地は自然林地の1/30に浸透能が落ちること、孤立した樹木では、樹木からの距離が離れるに従い、浸透能が増加するという興味深い結果を得た。自然林地でも樹木の根元では低下するが、その他の地点では樹木の効果が互いに相殺しあいほぼ一様になるという結果を得た。

In recent years, the internal water supply of urban rivers and rivers has deepened the development of environmental problems. The outflow rate of the earth's surface equipment is very high, the discharge rate is very high, and the discharge rate is very high. In the morning, there is a direct outflow of water from the flood victims. At the same time, the low water outflow is supplied to the low water supply station at the same time. At the same time, the low water flow rate is low. In the construction of sewers and sewers, there are many problems, low water flow, low water flow, low self-reliance, low water flow, low water flow, low water flow and low capacity. In the case of flooding problems, water environment problems, environmental problems, environmental problems, water environment problems, water environment problems The machine will be able to apply the following policies: (1) the retention rate will not flow out of the water at the same time, (2) Rain Water will soak the soil in the air, and the method will help to determine the temperature. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following results are as follows: (1) in this study, the following results are obtained: (1) in this study, the following results are obtained: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the results of this study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the results of this study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, the following parts of the study are as follows: (1) in this study, The results show that the results of the triangulation system are very large, and it is expected that you will be able to make sure that you will be able to make sure that you will be able to do so. (2) Plant growth, construction capacity, energy consumption, natural forest land, artificial land (within the university), plant growth, and so on. The results showed that the artificial natural woodland could be soaked in 30 minutes, the trees in isolation, the distance from the trees to the trees, and the deep taste of the artificial natural woodland. In the natural woodland, the roots and roots of the natural woodland, the roots and the roots of the natural woodland, the roots, the roots of the natural woodland.