Studies on the Factors Dominating Liposome Size, Size Distribution and Permeability

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Phospholipid vesicles, or liposomes were prepared by detergent removel using hydrophobic porous beads, Amberlite XAD-2, or dialysis from detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles. The liposomes formed were found to be mostly unilammellar vesicles. The liposome size was dependent on the methods of detergent removal and a type of detergents. Changes in forms of phospolipid-detergent mixture aggregates with decreasing detergent content-were pursuited by quasi elastic light scattering, gel-exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000, electron microscopy, and turbidity of the suspension. On the basis of the data, a possible model of the mechanism for transformation of the mixed micelle to liposome was proposed. The model is characterized by a chain-like aggregation entering an intermediate state before liposome formation. The liposome size and its distribution are dominated by the time factor in passing the transient state.