Studies on the mechanism of self-nonself recognition in the compound ascidians.

1.用双向凝胶电泳法对菌落特异性多肽进行定性分析：检测到一些菌落(克隆)特异性多肽，但这些多肽似乎与菌落特异性没有直接关系。2.Botrylloid fuscus和B.Viaceus中发现的新的群体专一性，被认为是Botryllids ascidians中最高级的物种。这种类型的菌落特异性表明，在这些物种中，异源识别位点仅限于被膜(可能是被膜细胞)。海鞘的排斥反应的组织学和超微结构研究。排斥反应主要表现为以下两个事件。一种是血细胞(主要是桑椹细胞)渗入被膜并破坏渗入的细胞。另一种是新壁的形成，它将坏死的组织与健康的结肠隔开。牛鞭毛虫鞘的组织学和超微结构研究牛鞭毛虫的鞘被一层角质层覆盖，角质层有微小的突起。然而，这种结构似乎与群体特异性没有直接关系，因为在相关的单胞囊中也发现了类似的结构。另外，每一种的鳞片中都有1-3种细胞，初步观察表明，液泡化的鳞片细胞最有可能是鳞片中的异源识别部位。

1. Qualitative analysis of the colony specific polypeptides by the twodimensional gel electrophoresis method.Some colony (or clone) specific polypeptides were detected, but these polypeptides seemed not to have relation to the colony specificity directly. 2. Description of colony specificity in the two Botrylloides.We found the new type of colony specificity in Botrylloides fuscus and B. violaceus which are thought to be the most advanced species in the botryllid ascidians. This type of colony specificity suggested that the allo-recognition site is restricted in the tunic (possibly tunic cells) in these species.3. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the rejection reactions in the botryllid ascidians.The rejection reactions were essentially represented by the following two events. One is the infiltration of the blood cells (mainly morula cells) into the tunic and the destruction of the infiltrating cells. The other is the formation of the new wall which separates the necrotic tissues from the healthy colony.4. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the tunic in the botryllid ascidians.The tunic of the botryllid ascidians was vovered with a cuticular layer which had minute protrusions. However, this structure seemed not to have direct relation to the colony specificity, because the similar structures were also found in the related solitary ascidian. On the other hand, there were 1-3 types of cells in the tunic in each botryllid species, and preliminary observation suggested that the vacuolated tunic cell is the most possible candidate for the allo-recognition site in the tunic.