Role of cingulate motor cortex on movement initation.

在用手进行按键动作的过程中，观察了猴子扣带回皮质的单细胞活动。运动要么是自我调节的，要么是由视觉、听觉或振动触觉信号触发的。将微电极植入扣带回皮质宽阔的尾侧，包括扣带回的上下两边及其半球内侧壁内的扣带回。在500个任务相关神经元中，大多数与按键动作的执行有关。大约60%的这些运动相关神经元在手指和手部肌肉中的肌电活动开始之前就表现出活动的变化。结果发现，在扣带回皮质的前部和后部形成了两个运动相关细胞簇。前束内的细胞在肌电开始前表现出长导联的活动变化，变化范围为300ms~2 S。扣带回内侧壁部几乎没有细胞与运动执行有关。只有少数细胞的活动时间锁定在感觉信号的开始，这表明在本研究中采用的简单行为范式中，感觉输入进入扣带回皮质的途径有限。

Single cell activity of the monkey cingulate cortex was examined during performance of a key press movement with a hand. The movement was either self-paced or triggered by visual, auditory or vibrotactile signal. Microelectrodes were inserted into broad rostrocaudal extent of the cingurate cortex, including upper and lower banks of the cingurate sulcus and the cingurate gyrus in its hemispheric medial wall. A majority of five hundred task-related neurons were related to execution of the key press movement. About 60 % of these movement-related neurons exhibited changes of activity preceding the onset of EMG activity in digit and hand muscles. It was found that two clusters of movement related cells were formed in the anterior and posterior part of the cingurate cortex. The cells in the anterior cluster tended to exhibit long-lead type of changes in activity ranging from 300 ms sto 2 s prior to the EMG onset. Few cells, if any, in the medial wall part of the cingurate gyrus were related to movement execution. Only a minority of cells showed activity time locked to onsets of sensory signals, indicating that sensory inputs get limited access to the cingurate cortex in a simple behavioral paradigm employed in the present study.