Experimental and Comparative Studies on Processes of Motor and Relaxation Skills Acquisition

运动和放松技能习得过程的实验和比较研究

• 批准号: 04610047
• 负责人: UMEZAWA Akio
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Fukui University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04610047/
• 关键词: Skill acquisition; Relaxation; Motor skills; Respiration; Congnitive processes; スキル学習; 学習プロセス; 教授-学習過程; バイオフィードバック

This study focused on acquisition processes of motor skills and relaxation skills. We intended to compare with acquisition processes of these two skills and to clarify the diffrences and the communities between these skills.For motor skill acquisition, we used a unicycle as an experimental task, since this task has many advantages of methodological aspects. In the first experiment, 10 novice undergraduates participated in daily training sessions to ride a unicycle. Following results were obtained : (1)Subjects could ride a unicycle more than 10 seconds continuously within 10 dairy sessions. (2)Riding time increased drastically after trail-and-error phase of learning processes. (3)Strategies obtained during the early stage of acquisitionprocesses were differnt from those obtained in the late stage. (4)In the late stage of acquisition, subjects reported more frequently to reduce unnecessary muscle tension than in the early stage. In the second experiment, we recorded electromyographic ac … More tivities (EMG) during riding unicycle from both subjects being able to ride more than 10 seconds(novice)and expert subjects. The results showed that novice subjects showed unnecessary EMG activities than experts.For relaxation skill, we conducted an investigation concerning relaxation strategies by questionnaire. The data showed that the most popular relaxation strategy in Japan is breathing control to calm down in the stressful situation of daily life. However, there has been few scientific studies clarified the relationship between relaxation and respiration. Then we conducted two experiments to reveal the relationships among respiration, stress and relaxation. In another experiments, we chose Noguchi Gymnastics as a relaxation task, which is famous as a relaxation exercise in Japan. Novice undergraduates participated the experiment consisted of daily training sessions for Noguchi Gymnastics. Acquisition processes obtained from this experiment were similar with those obtained in the experiment for training of a unicycle.These results suggested that acquisition processes of two skills have something in common. In the future, it's necessary to conduct the further sdudies to focus on whether instruction could alter these processes. Less

本研究主要探讨运动技能和放松技能的习得过程。本研究旨在比较这两种技能的习得过程，并阐明这两种技能之间的差异和共同性。在第一个实验中，10名大学生新手参加了骑独角兽的日常训练课程。结果表明：（1）受试者在10次日常训练中可以连续骑单车10秒以上。（2）在试错阶段之后，骑乘时间急剧增加。（3）企业在收购过程的前期和后期所采取的策略是不同的。(4)In在习得的后期，受试者报告减少不必要的肌张力的频率比习得的早期高。在第二个实验中，我们记录了肌电交流， ...更多信息 在骑独角兽期间，来自能够骑10秒以上的受试者（新手）和专家受试者的肌电图（EMG）。结果表明，初学者比专家表现出更多的不必要的肌电活动。数据显示，在日本最受欢迎的放松策略是呼吸控制，以在日常生活的紧张情况下平静下来。然而，很少有科学研究阐明放松和呼吸之间的关系。然后，我们进行了两个实验，以揭示呼吸，压力和放松之间的关系。在另一个实验中，我们选择了野口体操作为放松任务，这是一个著名的放松练习在日本。大学生新手参加了由野口体操日常训练课程组成的实验。本实验获得的习得过程与训练一名独角兽获得的习得过程相似，说明两种技能的习得过程有共同之处。今后，有必要进一步研究教学是否能够改变这些过程。少

项目成果

UMEZAWA,AKIO: "Stress,Relaxation and Respiratory Function." Abstracts of 3rd International Conference on Biobehavioral Self-Regulation and Health. 49 (1993)

梅泽昭夫：“压力、放松和呼吸功能。”

石川 真・野嶋 栄一郎・矢島 正晴・梅沢 章男: "一輪車走行技能獲得過程における行動と認知の研究" 日本教育工学会研究報告集. JET93-1. 51-54 (1993)

Makoto Ishikawa、Eiichiro Nojima、Masaharu Yajima 和 Akio Umezawa：“获得独轮车驾驶技能过程中的行为和认知研究”日本教育技术研究协会 JET93-1（1993）。

Umezawa, A., Sokura, K., Hasegawa, N., Fujisawa, A., Nojima, E.and Yajima, M.: "Teaching learning processes of psycho-motor skills" JET93(1). 55-60 (1993)

梅泽，A.，索仓，K.，长谷川，N.，藤泽，A.，野岛，E.和矢岛，M.：“心理运动技能的教学学习过程”JET93(1)。

Umezawa, A.Stress, Relaxation, and Respiratory Function In Kikuchi, T.(Ed.): "Biobehavioral Self-Regulation in the East and the West" Springer-Verlag Tokyo. (in press).

梅泽，A. 压力、放松和呼吸功能，菊池 T.（主编）：“东西方的生物行为自我调节”，东京施普林格出版社。

Umezawa, A.: "To Use of Visual Feedback During Bidirectional Control of Skin Conductance Level. In Kikuchi, T.(Ed.)" Biobehavioral Self-Regulation in the East and the West. Springer-Verlag Tokyo. (in press).

Umezawa, A.：“在皮肤电导水平的双向控制过程中使用视觉反馈。菊池，T.（编辑）”东方和西方的生物行为自我调节。