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An Experimental Study on Behavioral-Cognitive Processes of Psycho-Motor Skills Acquistion and Instruction

心理运动技能习得和教学的行为认知过程的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
07680225
负责人：
UMEZAWA Akio
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Fukui University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this study we attempted to clarify the teaching-learning processes on psycho-motor skills using the pychophysiological method. The major findings of this study were as follow :(1)In our previous studies, we found that respiratory activities reflect psychological process and that changes markedly under emotional and stressful conditions. Therefore we developed the ambulatory monitoring system of respiratory activities during the acquisition of psycho-motor skills.(2)We hypothesize that Japanese teachers in the physical education have good experienced knowledge concerning about teaching-learning process of psycho-motor skills and that teachers use their knowledge to determine teaching plan. the review of literature on physical education suggested that teachers have several hypothesis concerning about cognitive process and skill acquisition.(3)We used a unicycle as an experimental task, since this task has many advantages of methodological aspects. In the experiment, 10 novice undergraduates participated in daily training session to ride a unicycle. All subjects were able to ride a unicycle more than ten seconds continuously within 10 daily sessions and show drastically increment of riding time after trial-and error phase of learning. These data show that it is difficult for leaners in trial-and-error stage to anticipate when their performance of psycho-motor skills will improve. Therefore these results suggested that it's necessary to conduct the further research study to develop teaching strategies to induce progressive acquisition of psychomotor skills.

本研究试图用心理生理学的方法来阐明心理运动技能的教与学过程。本研究的主要发现如下：（1）在以往的研究中，我们发现呼吸活动反映了心理过程，在情绪和压力条件下，呼吸活动会发生显著变化。因此，我们开发了在心理运动技能获得过程中的呼吸活动的动态监测系统。(2)We本研究假设日本体育教师对于心理运动技能的教与学过程具有丰富的经验知识，并运用这些经验知识来制定教学计划。摘要通过对体育教学相关文献的回顾，发现体育教师对认知过程和技能习得有几种不同的假设。(3)We使用了一个统一分类法作为实验任务，因为这个任务在方法方面有许多优点。在实验中，10名新手大学生参加了日常训练课程，骑独角兽。所有受试者都能在10天的训练中连续骑独角兽超过10秒，并且在试错学习阶段后，骑独角兽的时间大幅增加。这些数据表明，处于试错阶段的学习者很难预测他们的心理运动技能何时会提高。因此，本研究结果提示，有必要进一步开展研究，以制定教学策略，促进心理技能的渐进习得。