An Experimental Study on Behavioral-Cognitive Processes of Psycho-Motor Skills Acquistion and Instruction

在这项研究中，我们试图用心理生理学的方法来阐明心理运动技能的教与学过程。本研究的主要发现如下：(1)在以往的研究中，我们发现呼吸活动反映了心理过程，并且在情绪和压力条件下发生了显著的变化。因此，我们开发了心理运动技能习得过程中呼吸活动的动态监测系统。(2)我们假设日本体育教师对心理运动技能的教与学过程有较好的体验知识，并利用这些知识来确定教案。通过对体育教学研究文献的梳理，发现教师对认知过程和技能习得有几种假设。(3)本研究采用独轮车作为实验任务，因为该任务在方法论方面具有诸多优势。在实验中，10名本科生新手参加了骑独轮车的日常训练。所有受试者都能够在每天10次训练中连续骑独轮车超过10秒，并且在学习的试错阶段后，骑行时间急剧增加。这些数据表明，处于试错阶段的学习者很难预测他们的心理运动技能何时会有所提高。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究性研究，以制定教学策略，诱导心理运动技能的渐进性习得。

In this study we attempted to clarify the teaching-learning processes on psycho-motor skills using the pychophysiological method. The major findings of this study were as follow :(1)In our previous studies, we found that respiratory activities reflect psychological process and that changes markedly under emotional and stressful conditions. Therefore we developed the ambulatory monitoring system of respiratory activities during the acquisition of psycho-motor skills.(2)We hypothesize that Japanese teachers in the physical education have good experienced knowledge concerning about teaching-learning process of psycho-motor skills and that teachers use their knowledge to determine teaching plan. the review of literature on physical education suggested that teachers have several hypothesis concerning about cognitive process and skill acquisition.(3)We used a unicycle as an experimental task, since this task has many advantages of methodological aspects. In the experiment, 10 novice undergraduates participated in daily training session to ride a unicycle. All subjects were able to ride a unicycle more than ten seconds continuously within 10 daily sessions and show drastically increment of riding time after trial-and error phase of learning. These data show that it is difficult for leaners in trial-and-error stage to anticipate when their performance of psycho-motor skills will improve. Therefore these results suggested that it's necessary to conduct the further research study to develop teaching strategies to induce progressive acquisition of psychomotor skills.