STUDY OF ACT ON PRIVATIZATION OF STATE ENTERPRISES IN POLAND

研究发现：1）波兰1981年开始实行的工人自治制度对波兰国有企业私有化的理念和过程产生了影响; 2）私有化有两种途径：经济途径和社会政治途径。在1990年《国营企业私有化法》的制定过程中，针对主张第一种方式的政府法案，提出了主张第二种方式的反法案。3）在《私有化法》的实施过程中，舆论对私有化的怀疑态度日益高涨。这就迫切需要构建新的民营化理念，动员社会力量。大规模私有化计划（PPP）就是这样一个概念出现的。4）但由于围绕PPP和再私有化问题的各种政治力量之间的矛盾，私有化法律的框架的重新安排被大大拖延。私有化成为1990年总统选举、1991年和1993年议会选举的重要议题之一。5）苏霍茨卡政府在私有化问题上与工会达成协议，因为工会在执行社会经济政策方面的力量难以忽视。1993年签署的《国营企业公约》包括加快私有化进程的条款，给予工人特权。6. 1993年议会选举后，所谓的“后共产主义”两个政党成立了联合政府。新政府的政策具有两个方面：对前政府政策的延续和改变。特别是民主左翼联盟（SLD）的自由派代表了经济政策的第一方。7）综上所述，私有化进程与政治民主化之间的关系在波兰比在俄罗斯更为明显。

The findings through this study are as follows.1) The workers selfmanagement system introduced in 1981 has an influence on the concept as well as the procedure of privatization of state enterprises in Poland.2) There are two approaches to privatization : economic and socio-political. In the process of enactment of Act on privatization of state enterprises in 1990 the counterbill which attached importance on the latter approach was proposed against the governmental bill stanting on the first one.3) In the course of enforcement of Act on privatization the skeptical attitude toward privatization in the public opinion got larger. That urged to make up the new privatization concept to mobilize the society. The mass privatization program (PPP) appeared as such a concept.4) But the rearrangement of the legal framework of privatization delayd very much because of contradictions among the various political powers around the PPP and the reprivatization issue. Privatization appeared one of the important issues in the presidental election in 1990 and the parliamentary elections in 1991 and 1993.5) The Suchocka government pursued the agreement with the trade unions on privatization issue because it was difficult to ignore the power of the unions in implementation of the socio-economic policy. The Pact on state enterprises signed in 1993 includes the provisions to speed up the privatization process giving privileges to workers.6) After the parliamentary election in 1993 the so-called two "post-communist" parties established the coalition government. The policies of the new government has the two sides : continuation and change of the policies of the former government. Especially the liberal wing of Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) represents the first side in the economic policy.7) Summing up, the relationship between the privatization process and the political democratization can be seen clearer in Poland than, for example, in Russia.