A Comparative Study of Judicial Reform in Russia and Poland : Institutional Expansion and Functional Disorder

俄罗斯与波兰司法改革比较研究:机构扩张与功能紊乱

• 批准号: 13620004
• 负责人: KOMORIDA Akio
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620004/
• 关键词: Judicial Reform; Russian Law; Polish Law; Systemic Transformation; Constitutional Review; Judge; Attorney; Comparative Jaw; 国際研究者交流; ロシア:ポーランド; 法曹一元制

During the recent 20 years or so, the judicial systems in Russia and Poland have grown out of the Soviet model and been drastically transformed. Along with recognition of the principle of separation of powers, the concept of judicial power has been established. It means that, on the one hand, jurisdiction of courts, "shrunken" under the Soviet model, has been considerably expanded as a result of introduction of administrative, economic and constitutional procedures. On the other hand, a mechanism of securing of independence of judges, especially a selecting system of judges with a decisive participation of their selfgoverning body, was created. In both countries, however, credibility of the judicial system as a whole in the eyes of citizens is considerably low, and in this sense it is situated in a kind of crisis. Such a low credibility can be explained by difficulties in access to court, delay in dealing with lawsuits, doubt as to fairness of court decisions, ineffective execution of decisions and so on. They are caused largely by insufficient financial support of the judicial system as whole. But, there is another, more delicate problem, that is a problem of how to guarantee high quality of work of judges and sufficient number of attorneys. Here is questioned functioning of selfgoverining body of lawyers. In these issues difficulties appear and solutions are sought dependently on the tradition in each country.

近20年来，俄罗斯和波兰的司法体系摆脱了苏联模式，发生了巨大的转变。随着分权原则的承认，司法权的概念也随之建立。这意味着，一方面，由于行政、经济和宪法程序的引入，在苏联模式下“缩小”的法院管辖权已大大扩大。另一方面，建立了确保法官独立性的机制，特别是自治机构决定性参与的法官选任制度。然而，在这两个国家，整个司法系统在公民心目中的可信度相当低，从这个意义上说，它处于一种危机之中。可信度低的原因包括诉诸法庭困难、诉讼拖延、对法院判决公正性存疑、判决执行不力等。造成这些问题的主要原因是整个司法系统的财政支持不足。但是，还有一个更微妙的问题，就是如何保证法官的高质量工作和足够数量的律师的问题。律师自治机构的运作受到质疑。在这些问题中出现困难并根据每个国家的传统寻求解决方案。

项目成果

Contemporary Russian Law

当代俄罗斯法

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: KOMORIDA Akio;ed
• 通讯作者: ed

小森田秋夫: "ポーランドの法曹制度"University of Tokyo. ISS, Discussion Paper Series.. J-111. 1-26 (2002)

小森田昭夫：“波兰法律体系”，东京大学，讨论论文系列.. J-111 (2002)。

Lawyers in Poland

波兰的律师

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Comparative and Socio-Legal Study of Lawyers, (Seigo HIROWATARI, ed., University of Tokyo Press)
• 作者: 小森田秋夫;KOMORIDA Akio
• 通讯作者: KOMORIDA Akio

体制転換と司法改革--ポスト社会主義ポーランドの文脈

政权更迭与司法改革--后社会主义波兰的背景

• 发表时间: 2001
• 期刊: 社会体制と法 第2号
• 作者: 小森田秋夫;KOMORIDA Akio;小森田秋夫
• 通讯作者: 小森田秋夫

現代ロシア法

现代俄罗斯法

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: 小森田秋夫;KOMORIDA Akio;小森田秋夫;KOMORIDA Akio;小森田秋夫(編)
• 通讯作者: 小森田秋夫(編)