A Study on Electro-chemical Phenomena on Soil Surface and Its Application

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A water molecule is known to have an extraordinary large electric dipole moment. The dipole moment is measured as a dielectric constant by a spectroscopy. However, the obtained values of the dielectric constants are affected by polarization of the interface, it is needed to eliminate the influence and to find out net contribution of the dipole moment of water molecules from the measured dielectric constants. In a frequency range of micro-wave (100MHz-10GHz), dielectric constants are affected mainly by the dipole moment. Therefore, the measurement of dielectric constants of a soil in this frequency range make it possible to measure the dipole moment of the water molecule with no disturbance of interface polarization effect.In this study, the author developed a new theory of Frequency Domain Refractometry (FDR) on dielectric constant measurement.Based on the theory, he developed a single prove method which is quite convenient in both laboratory and field measurement. This method was confirmed to be applied successfuly to volumetric soil moisture measurement, frozen water measurement, adsorbed water detection and bonding water detection, as well.In addition, the method was found to offer a powerful tool for quick and nondestructive in si-tu measurement of soil moisture which had been considered very difficult. Namely, the method enables us to detect soil strata and to measure soil moisture distribution, that is another macroscopic phenomena at a soil interface.