Effects of thallium on biological bodies

目的铊(Tl)具有剧毒，因此，人们不再将其用于医疗、杀菌剂或杀虫剂。近年来，Tl作为半导体或先进复合材料的材料备受关注。本研究的主要目的是了解TL在动物体内的去向。方法6周龄雄性小鼠开始饮用含0.2~20ppm TL的水1~3周。其余小鼠一次灌胃给药50mumol TL/kg。其余小鼠以饮水和口服注射相结合的方式给予TL。停止摄入TL后1、3、7、22或43天，处死小鼠，几乎所有脏器、血液、胃肠道内容物、尿液和粪便均留作TL测定，每只小鼠20项。2.停止摄入TL后，TL在各器官中的消失较快。小剂量给药后3d脏器组织中TL浓度为1/2，1周后为1/10。3.尿中TL排泄量为10-30%，占总摄入量的35-60%。4.Tl在骨骼中的浓度最高，衰减最慢。5.试验、颌下腺和胃肠道对TL有较高的亲和力。6.毛发中TL浓度与TL剂量呈正相关。7.Tl对血清GOT、Al-P和血ALAD活性无明显影响。结论Tl口腔侵入机体几乎分布于全身各脏器。TL从器官中消失的速度相对较快。体毛对生物监测很有用。

PURPOSE Thallium (Tl) is highly toxic, therefore, they quitted using it as the medical treatments, in secticides or redenticides. REcently, Tl is given attention as a material for semiconductors or advanced composites. Our main purpose of this study is to know the fate of Tl in animal bodies.METHODS Male mice at 6 week old started drinking water containig 0.2 to 20 ppm Tl for 1 or 3 weeks. The other mice received single administration of 50 mumol Tl/kg directly to stomach. The other mice were given Tl by combination of drinking water and oral injection. One, 3, 7, 22, or 43 days after cessation of Tl intake, mice were sacrificed and almost all organs, blood, contents in gastro-intestinal tract, urine, and feces, 20 items per mouse were kept for Tl determination.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Every kind of analytical specimen contained Tl. 2. Disappearance of Tl from each organ was relatively rapid after cessation of Tl intake. Wehn low dose was supplied, Tl concentrations in organs were 1/2 after 3 days, and 1/10 after 1 week. 3. Tl excretion into urine was 10 - 30%, and 35-60% or total amount ingested. 4. The highest Tl concentration was found in bone and showed the slowest attenuation. 5. Tests, submandibular gland, and gastrointestinal tracts showed high affinity to Tl. 6. Tl concentration in hair had positive correlation with Tl dose administered. 7. The activities of serum GOT, Al-P, and blood ALAD were not affected by Tl.CONCLUSION Tl invading into body orally distributes almost all organs. Disappearance of Tl from organs was relatively fast. Body hair is useful for biological monitoring.