Development of an Expert System for Resolution in School Refusal Problem with Family Therapy

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Beginning in 1982 our team members and I began to introduce various approaches in family therapy to treat a number of families who include a child refusing to go to school. The approaches include strategic, structural, systemic, and experiential ones, but we are now trying to creat new approaches, such as "Augmented Feedback Technigue", "Family Activation Programs", "Family Clay Technique" (Kameguchi, 1985,1987a, 1989,1990).We have conducted family therapy by reframing the refusal behavior of children, reconstructing the parental coalition, and building a cooperative network involving school systems. These approaches to family and school systems will hopefully succeed in creating a new order out of the chaotic state of generational boundaries in school refusal cases.Families of school refusal come for our treatment every four weeks. Each session consisted of three phases, first, an interview between the family and the therapist for fifty to sixty minutes, then a discussion among the th … More erapist and other team members for few minutes while the family waited in the therapy room, and finally a concluding phase during which the therapist gave the family members the messages and instructions for the period precceding the next appointment. Basically, our approach to cases of school refusal is based on Milan systemic approach. However, we also utilize a clay sculputure technique which is originated by ourselves. We believe that it fits to Japanese families, because of their characteristic ommunication style prefering indirect or nonverbal ways.We introduced a graphic method for describing family membranes which together depict a family system. We found a characteristic feature of our graphic method which depicts a family relationship as an organic whole. It is expected that it will enable us to describe and visualize the delicate differences in each dyad membrane. It also makes us possible to compare the relative differences between parental membranes and mother-child membranes or father-child membranes in school refusal cases.An expert system of treatment for school refusal cases with family therapy was developed after screening all cases which were treated during 14 years. If you use a personal computer which is installed our program, it is easy to access to that system. Less