Development of an Expert System for Resolution in School Refusal Problem with Family Therapy

从1982年开始，我们的团队成员和我开始引入各种家庭治疗方法，治疗一些包括拒绝上学的孩子的家庭。这些方法包括策略性的、结构性的、系统性的和经验性的，但我们正在尝试创造新的方法，如“增强反馈技术”、“家庭激活计划”、“家庭粘土技术”等（龟口，1985，1987 a，1989，1990）我们通过重新定义孩子的拒绝行为，重建父母联盟，建立学校系统的合作网络。这些家庭和学校系统的方法将有望成功地创造一个新的秩序，从混乱的代际界限在学校拒绝案件。每个疗程包括三个阶段，首先，家庭和治疗师之间的访谈持续50到60分钟，然后是家庭成员之间的讨论。 ...更多信息 当家属在治疗室等待时，治疗师和其他团队成员进行了几分钟的谈话，最后是结束阶段，在此期间，治疗师向家属提供了下一次预约之前的信息和指示。基本上，我们对拒绝入学案件的处理方法是基于米兰系统方法。然而，我们也利用粘土雕塑技术，这是由我们自己创造的。我们认为它适合日本家庭，因为他们的特点，表达方式更喜欢间接或非语言的方式。我们介绍了一种图形方法来描述家庭膜，这些膜共同描绘了一个家庭系统。我们发现我们的图解方法有一个特点，它把家庭关系描绘成一个有机的整体。预计它将使我们能够描述和可视化每个二分体膜中的微妙差异。通过对14年来所有拒绝入学者的筛选，建立了家庭治疗拒绝入学者的专家系统。如果您使用的是安装了我们程序的个人电脑，则很容易访问该系统。少

Beginning in 1982 our team members and I began to introduce various approaches in family therapy to treat a number of families who include a child refusing to go to school. The approaches include strategic, structural, systemic, and experiential ones, but we are now trying to creat new approaches, such as "Augmented Feedback Technigue", "Family Activation Programs", "Family Clay Technique" (Kameguchi, 1985,1987a, 1989,1990).We have conducted family therapy by reframing the refusal behavior of children, reconstructing the parental coalition, and building a cooperative network involving school systems. These approaches to family and school systems will hopefully succeed in creating a new order out of the chaotic state of generational boundaries in school refusal cases.Families of school refusal come for our treatment every four weeks. Each session consisted of three phases, first, an interview between the family and the therapist for fifty to sixty minutes, then a discussion among the th … More erapist and other team members for few minutes while the family waited in the therapy room, and finally a concluding phase during which the therapist gave the family members the messages and instructions for the period precceding the next appointment. Basically, our approach to cases of school refusal is based on Milan systemic approach. However, we also utilize a clay sculputure technique which is originated by ourselves. We believe that it fits to Japanese families, because of their characteristic ommunication style prefering indirect or nonverbal ways.We introduced a graphic method for describing family membranes which together depict a family system. We found a characteristic feature of our graphic method which depicts a family relationship as an organic whole. It is expected that it will enable us to describe and visualize the delicate differences in each dyad membrane. It also makes us possible to compare the relative differences between parental membranes and mother-child membranes or father-child membranes in school refusal cases.An expert system of treatment for school refusal cases with family therapy was developed after screening all cases which were treated during 14 years. If you use a personal computer which is installed our program, it is easy to access to that system. Less