A study on the type of phonological structure of Japanese dialects distributed in peripheral area.

根据1995年及以前的田野调查资料，1996年集中调查了琉球南部方言的内部分化。本文比较分析了琉球南部11个方言（与那国、西表内、八照间、荒宿、竹富、石垣、多良间、平良间、长滨、池间、大上）的音系结构和语音对应的差异，并从共时的角度将琉球南部方言分为两大类。一种是中心分布型，基本上有四个元音，包括中性元音;另一种是边缘分布型，有三个元音，但不包括中性元音。前者通过声学分析肯定了大上方言的中性元音与其他方言的中性元音相比具有明显的落后性，即没有其他方言中性元音中常见的摩擦音。再一次，关于Oogami方言， 关于我们 从历时的角度来看，中部方言的中性元音不仅与[i]元音对应，而且与周边方言的其他几个音节对应，因此可以认为中部方言处于比周边方言更古老的阶段，在此基础上，对琉球南部方言的语音对应数据进行了多元分析，Hayashi的第三个量化理论根据统计分析的结果，琉球南部方言大致可以分为两类，一类是有中性元音的，另一类是没有中性元音的。第二，大上方言与大上方言的其他方言有明显的区别，主要表现在中性元音的落后，这可能会导致齿龈塞音的软腭化。少

Based upon the data collected through the field research in 1995 and ever before, the investigation in 1996 was concentrated upon the internal devision of South Ryuukyuu dialect. The difference of phonological structures and sound correspondences smong 11 dialects of South Ryuukyuu (Yonaguni, Iriomotesonai, Hateruma, Aragusuku, Taketomi, Ishigaki, Tarama, Hirara, Nagahama, Ikema, Oogami) were compared and analyzed.From the synchronical point of view, South Ryuukyuu dialect was devided into two groups. One of which is the centrally distributing one that have basically four vowels including neutral vowel, and the other peripherally distributing one which have three vowels but neutral one. In the former, the neutral vowel of Oogami dialect was affirmed through acoutic analysis to have so notably backward substance compared with the one of other dialect, that is accompanied no fricative noise which is common in the neutral voewl of other dialects. Again on Oogami dialect, the devoicing of … More voiced-stops and the velarization of alveolar stops are assured to have occurred.From the diachronical point of view, noticing the fact that not only the neutral vowel of the central dialects correspond to [i] vowel, but to several other various syllables in the peripheral dialects, it is assumed that the central dialects are to be on the old stage than the peripheral one, and the instability of neutral vowel should have coused various changes such as [i]-shifting, sylabic-consonantalizing, palatalizing, and others.On the basis of above analysis and consideration, the data of the sound correspondings among South Ryuukyuu dialects was appled to the multivariate analysis, Hayashi's 3rd quantification theory. As the result of this statistical analysis, South Ryuukyuu dialects could primarily be divided into two groups, one of which is with neutral vowel and the other without it as expected above. Secondly, Oogami dialect could be devided from the other dialects of the former, mainly with the aspect of such backwardness of neutral vowel that would have caused velarization of alveolar stops. Less