A Study of the Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy for the Senile Elderly

老年职业治疗的有效性研究

• 批准号: 06670398
• 负责人: YAMADA Takashi
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Akita University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06670398/
• 关键词: elderly patients; senile elderly; rehabilitation; occupational therapy; sensory integrative therapy; effectiveness study; group comparing experimental design; single systems design; 感覚統合的アプローチ; 痴呆老人

In the first part of this study, the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention was examined through pre- and post- assessments the physical capabilities, self-care skills and social functioning of the elderly disabled patients in a geriatric hospitals and elderly facilities in Akita, Japan. The Parachek Geriatric Rating Scale (PGS), which was developed in the U.S., was used to evaluate the capabilities of individual patients. One hundred and ninety five elderly participated in this study. The mean age of the patient population of experimental group which consists from one hundred and eleven elderly was 80.3 years. For the control group which consists from eighty four elderly, mean age was 80.9. After PGS was first administered, occupational therapy (OT) intervention was performed more than one times a week, primarily using arts and crafts activities and sensory integrative (SI) therapy, as described by L.J.King, was added to the OT regimen. This group was divided two subgroups … More depending to the frequency of OT services in a week. Six months later, a second PGS was given to the same patient population. The Kruskal-Wallis Test were applied to three groups, and for each of the three categorized PGS scores, in order to analyze and test the differences of repeated measures. From the results, OT intervention appeared effective for two subgroups of taking OT service as well as for improving the basic physical functioning and activities of daily living skills of patients.In the second study, in order to study the effectiveness of occupational therapy (OT) intervention for the Senile elderly using single systems design (SSD), it is necessary to establish the repeated measures which should be free from the effect of repeated measurements. From the previous researches, it was suggested that the activities of daily living skills of the elderly were decreased as states dementia became more severe, just opposite against the developmental process of acquisition of these skills in normal children. We decided to use the subtests of the Japanese Version of Miller Assessment for Preschooler (JMAP) that was originally developed by L.Miller in the United States, and translated and restandardized by the first author, et al.in Japan, as repeated measures for this study. Results of the preliminary study indicated that four subtests of JMAP : Tower, Following Direction, Figure-and-Ground or Sequencing, and Construction of the Cube or Maze were able to use as repeated measures.Using these subtests as repeated measures, SSD was applied for the elderly to test the effectiveness of the intervention of occupational therapy. Orginally, nine elderly persons participated in this study. However, due to discharge from hospitals and facilities before gathering complete data, we could gather data from five persons. During the phase A,patients were assigned no OT intervention of regular OT intervention primarily using arts and crafts activities. Then, sensory integrative (SI) therapy as described by L.J.King was added to the OT regimen. This phase was called as B.The results of this study are shown in Table 3 and Fig.1 through 8. From the results, adding SI therapy to regular OT prescription for these patients was effective to improve the scores of the repeated measures except for Following Direction. Less

本研究的第一部分是通过对日本秋田的一家老年医院和老年机构的老年残疾患者的身体能力、自我护理技能和社会功能进行术前和术后评估，来检验职业治疗干预的有效性。Parachek老年评定量表（PGS），这是在美国开发的，用于评估个体患者的能力。195名老年人参加了这项研究。实验组的患者人群由111名老年人组成，平均年龄为80.3岁。对照组由84名老年人组成，平均年龄为80.9岁。在PGS首次给药后，每周进行一次以上的职业治疗（OT）干预，主要使用艺术和手工艺活动，并将L. J. King所述的感觉统合（SI）治疗添加到OT方案中。该组又分为两个亚组 ...更多信息 根据每周加班服务的频率。六个月后，第二次PGS被给予相同的患者群体。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验对三组患者的PGS评分进行分类，分析和检验重复测量的差异。结果显示，作业疗法干预对两组接受作业疗法服务的老年人有效，对改善老年人的基本身体功能和日常生活活动能力也有效。研究二采用单系统设计（SSD）研究作业疗法干预对老年人的有效性，必须建立不受重复测量影响的重复测量。以往的研究表明，随着痴呆程度的加重，老年人日常生活技能的活动能力下降，而正常儿童日常生活技能的发展过程则相反。我们决定使用最初由美国L.米勒开发并由第一作者et al.in日本翻译和重新标准化的米勒学龄前儿童评估（JMAP）日文版的子测验作为本研究的重复测量。初步研究结果表明，JMAP的四个分测验：塔、方向跟随、图形-背景或顺序、立方体或迷宫的构建可以作为重复测量，以这些分测验作为重复测量，应用SSD对老年人进行作业治疗干预的效果检验。最初，9名老年人参加了这项研究。然而，由于在收集完整数据之前从医院和设施出院，我们可以从五个人那里收集数据。在A阶段，患者被分配为不进行OT干预或主要使用艺术和手工艺活动进行常规OT干预。然后，将L. J. King描述的感觉统合（SI）疗法添加到OT方案中。该阶段称为B。本研究的结果见表3和图1至图8。从结果来看，在常规OT处方的基础上增加SI治疗对改善这些患者的重复测量得分是有效的，但遵循方向除外。少

项目成果

山田孝・竹原敦: "日本版ミラー幼児発達スクリーニング検査(JMAP)項目を用いた単一システムデザインによる老年痴呆患者に対する感覚統合的アプローチの効果" 作業療法. 第15巻(印刷中). (1996)

Takashi Yamada 和 Atsushi Takehara：“使用日本版米勒儿童发育筛查测试 (JMAP) 项目的感觉综合方法对老年痴呆症患者的疗效”（出版中）。 1996）

Takashi Yamada & Shun Takehara: "A Study on the Effectiveness of Sensory Integrative Occupational Therapy for the Senile Elderly ; Through a Single Systems Design using Subtests of the Japanese Version of Miller Assessment for Preschooler (JMAP) as repeat

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