Angiography of the temporomandibular joint ; arterial blood supply to the mandibular condyle via the surrounding soft tissue

收集其他实验研究中牺牲的恒河猴，行颈外动脉支血管造影。在初步研究中，发现上颌动脉、颞浅动脉、面部动脉和舌动脉等分支的位置与人类相同。解剖三侧上颌动脉及其他三侧颞浅动脉，连接至21”静脉导管外鞘。在透视下通过导管注射水溶性造影剂（尿植素76%）证实了这些分支。在注射前，将每条下牙槽动脉在口腔内切开，并在下颌孔处结扎。然后注入硅橡胶注射化合物（Microfil，射线不透明和含蓝色染料材料）。在化合物固化后，将标本冷冻在液氮中，并用带锯中矢状切片。拍摄x线片，探索从周围软组织到髁突的血管的存在。然后将标本在约1cm厚的髁突水平冠状切片，并将染料注射到髁突中进行检查。髁突周围未见明显的软组织供血血管，色素未从上颌动脉或颞浅动脉进入髁突。结果表明，动脉血液可能仅由下牙槽动脉经下颌骨邻近骨髓供给髁突。内部紊乱导致下颌髁供血不足和无血管性坏死的假设应该是不一致的。

Rhesus monkey sacrificed in other experimental studies were collected and angiography of the branches of the external carotid artery was performed. In the pilot study, positions of some branches including maxillary, superficial temporal, facial and lingual arteries were found to be identical to those of human.Maxillary arteries of the 3 sides and superficial temporal arteries of the other 3 sides were dissected and connected to the outer sheath of 21 "intravenous catheter.These branches were confirmed by injecting water soluble contrast medium (Urografin 76%) via the catheter under fluoroscopy. Every inferior alveolar artery was dissected intraorally and ligated at mandibular foramen prior to injection. Silicone rubber injection compounds (Microfil, radiopaque and blue dye-containing material) were then injected. After the compounds cured, the specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioned midsagittaly with a bandsaw. Radiographs were taken and the existence of the blood vessels to mandibular condyle from the surrounding soft tissue was explored. Specimens were then sectioned coronally at the level of condyle about 1cm thick and injection of the dye into the condyle was examined.There was no obvious blood vessels that supply the condyle from surrounding soft tissue and the dye did not entered into the condyle from maxillary or superficial temporal arteries. The result indicates that the arterial blood might be supplied to the condyle solely from inferior alveolar artery via adjacent bone marrow of the mandible. The hypothesis that internal derangement causes lack of blood supply and avascular necrosis of the mandibular condyle should be inconsistent.