Characteristics of transport/transformation/deposition of air pollutants and the material balance in Nohbi plain and Ise bay area, Japan, a semi-closed airshed

日本野比平原和伊势湾地区半封闭气域大气污染物迁移/转化/沉积特征及物质平衡

• 批准号: 06680490
• 负责人: KITADA Toshihiro
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Toyohashi University of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06680490/
• 关键词: ari pollution in autumn; photochemical smog; local wind; numerical simulation; air craft observation; volatile organic hydrocarbon; mitrogen dioxide; oxidant; 海陸風; 大気汚染輸送; 濃尾平野

It is widely known that during late autumn to early winter concerntration of nitrogen dioxide becomes very high over Kanto, Nohbi Plains etc., and thus atmospheric environment tends to be worse. This may be partly due to the characteristic meteorological condition in this season, when just before the beginning of winter monsoon synoptic scale wind is generally weak under periodically-passing high pressure systems, and in addition lacal wind such as sea breeze never develops strong because of adverse thermal condition during daytime, i. e. temperatures over land surface exceed those over sea by only 1 to 2 deg for only 2 hours a day. In this study to elucidate characteristics of air pollution transport we have performed 3D simulation for the transport/chemistry/deposition of air pollutants over Nohbi plain and Ise bay area. The simulated days were 24 and 25 November, 1992, when extensive field observations using air plane, rawin-sondes, Doppler-sodar, and many ground-based monitoring st … More ations were conducted.Obtained results are as follows :(1)Emission source inventories were investigated for Nohbi plain. Non-methane VOCs (Volatile Organic hydroCarbons) emission distributions were estimated on the basis of emission strength per unit production, fuel consumption, etc. and spatial distributions of industrial production, number of cars etc. Furthermore, these emission sources were tested and corrected by using 1D diffusion/chemistry model so that calculated vertical profiles of VOCs concentrations agree with those observed. Using this procedure, emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene were reevaluated and cut to one-ninth of the initial estimation.(2)With these emission enventories, two days 3D transport/chemistry/deposition simulation was performed for most of important chemical species which include NO,NO_2, HNO_3, SO_2, SO_4^=, O_3, H_2O_2, VOCs etc. The simulation resultsshowed : (i) good agreement between calculated and observed NO_2 concentrations at surface level, (ii) important features of observed concentration distributions at 300 and 600 m high were well reproduced by the simulation, i. e. high concentration zones appear over Chita peninsula and Mikawa bay area during daytime, indicating strong mixing activity over Nohbi plain which is in upstream area of Chita and Mikawa.(3)Detailed analysis of the obtained results is left for investigation of effecte emission control in this region. Less

众所周知，在秋末到初冬期间，关东、能比平原等地的二氧化氮浓度变得非常高，因此大气环境趋于恶化。这可能是由于冬季风开始前的天气尺度风一般较弱，且在经过的高压系统的作用下，加上白天热力条件不利，如海风等局地风从未发展得很强。e.陆地表面的温度比海洋温度高1 - 2度，每天只有2小时。在这项研究中，以阐明空气污染物的传输特性，我们进行了三维模拟的传输/化学/沉积的空气污染物在能比平原和伊势海湾地区。模拟的日期是1992年11月24日和25日，当时利用飞机、雷达、多普勒声雷达和许多地面监测站进行了广泛的实地观测， ...更多信息 主要研究结果如下：（1）开展了戈壁平原污染源调查。非甲烷VOCs（挥发性有机碳氢化合物）的排放分布估计的基础上，每单位生产的排放强度，燃料消耗量等和空间分布的工业生产，汽车的数量等。此外，这些排放源进行了测试和校正，使用一维扩散/化学模型，使计算的垂直剖面的VOCs浓度与观察。使用这一程序，对甲苯和二甲苯等芳烃的排放量进行了重新评估，并将其削减至最初估计的九分之一。（2）在此基础上，对NO、NO_2、HNO_3、SO_2、SO_4 ~（2-）、O_3、H_2O_2、VOCs等主要化学物质进行了为期两天的三维输运/化学/沉积模拟。（i）NO_2浓度的计算值与实测值吻合较好;（ii）模拟结果较好地再现了300和600 m高度观测浓度分布的重要特征，即：e.白天在赤塔半岛和三川湾地区出现高浓度区，表明在赤塔和三川上游地区的Nohbi平原有较强的混合活动。（3）对所得结果进行了详细分析，以研究该地区的有效排放控制。少

项目成果

Kitada, T., Okamura, K., and Takagi, H.: "Numerical analysis of characteristic local winds in Nohbi plain, Japan, using a meso-scale meteorological model with k-epsilon turbulence model : Topography effects in various spatial scales Proc. of Environmental

Kitada, T.、Okamura, K. 和 Takagi, H.：“使用具有 k-epsilon 湍流模型的中尺度气象模型对日本能比平原的局部特征风进行数值分析：不同空间尺度的地形效应”

北田敏廣: "k-ε/メソスケール気象モデルによる濃尾平野の局地風解析-様々なスケールの地形効果-" 環境工学研究フォーラム(土木学会環境工学委員会). 31. 79-81 (1994)

Toshihiro Kitada：“使用 k-ε/中尺度气象模型对野比平原的局地风分析 - 各种尺度的地形效应 -”环境工程研究论坛（日本土木工程师学会环境工程委员会）31. 79-81（ 1994))

北田敏廣: "ドップラーソーダによる大気境界層下部の乱れの鉛直分布とそのk-ε乱流モデルによる解析" 天気(日本気象学会). 41. 827-846 (1994)

Toshihiro Kitada：“多普勒苏打引起的大气边界层下部湍流的垂直分布及其使用 k-ε 湍流模型的分析”《天气》（日本气象学会）41. 827-846 (1994)。

北田敏廣: "大気循環に配慮した都市計画" 都市計画(日本都市計画学会). 43. 15-24 (1994)

Toshihiro Kitada：“考虑大气循环的城市规划”《城市规划》（日本城市规划协会）43. 15-24 (1994)。

Takagi, H.and Kitada, T.: "Transport of turbulent kinetic energy generated in a sea breeze over small hills : A numerical simulation with a k-epsilon turbulence mode." Tenki, Meteorol. Soc. Japan, (in Japanese). Vol.43 (in press). (1996)

Takagi, H. 和 Kitada, T.：“海风吹过小山时产生的湍流动能传输：采用 k-epsilon 湍流模式的数值模拟。”