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Modeling study of the effects of modified land-use in coastal area on regional-scale atmospheric environment

沿海地区土地利用改变对区域尺度大气环境影响的模拟研究

基本信息

批准号：
03650449
负责人：
KITADA Toshihiro
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Toyohashi University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Atmospheric environment in regional-scale is largely dominated by synoptic-scale meteorology, natural topography, and land-use type. Among others the land-use type is often changed by human being. The change can modify the environmental variables of temperature and humidity not only in local- but also in regional-scale, causing sometimes so called "urban heat island". The change of temperature induced by local urbanization may be transferred to other areas by the flow regime characteristic of the region. Thus the regional planning for the spatial distribution of land-use type to create better climatological environment has to take into account such a regional-scale flow characteristics. In view of the above-mentioned, to study the method of the regional planning for better thermal environment, we have first (1) investigated the effects of the extended urban area in Nohbi plain, central Japan, on the regional-scale temperature field by using historical data (1975-1985), secondly (2) dev … More eloped a simple 3-D heat transport model for estimation of the temperature disturbance caused by the change of land-use type, and evaluated the model performance, and thirdly (3) made sensitivity studies on the possible effects on the temperature field in regional scale of forested area and environmental-water-surface area increased in urban section, by using the developed model. Obtained results are as follows: (1) sea breeze plays important role in heat transport, causing the inlandward shift of the daily high temperature zone from highly urbanized coastal area; the phenomena can be explained by heating of the sea breeze layerover newly urbanized region; the developed model clarified numerically this explanation, and (2) the increase of the forested area and the water surface area in theurban eased daily maximum temperature by about - 2ﾟ C; inland sites showed larger decrease in temperature than coastal sites, demonstrating, for better climate in inland, the necessity of the vegetated and open water surface in upstream region under sea breeze. Less

区域尺度的大气环境在很大程度上受天气尺度气象、自然地形和土地利用类型的影响。其中，土地利用类型经常被人类改变。这种变化不仅在局部范围内，而且在区域范围内都可以改变温度和湿度的环境变量，有时会引起所谓的“城市热岛”。城市化引起的温度变化可能通过该地区的流态特征传递到其他地区。因此在区域规划中为土地利用类型的空间分布创造更好的气候环境就不得不考虑这种区域尺度的径流特征。为了研究改善热环境的区域规划方法，我们首先利用历史资料（1975-1985年）研究了日本中部能比平原城市扩展对区域尺度温度场的影响，其次研究了城市扩展对区域尺度温度场的影响。 ...更多信息建立了一个简单的三维热量传输模式，用于估算土地利用类型变化引起的温度扰动，并对模式的性能进行了评价。（3）利用所建立的模式，在区域尺度上对城市段森林面积和环境水面面积的增加对温度场可能产生的影响进行了敏感性研究。结果表明：（1）海风在热量输送中起着重要作用，使日高温带从沿海高度城市化地区向内陆移动，这一现象可以用新城市化地区的海风加热层来解释;所开发的模型在数值上阐明了这种解释，（2）城市森林面积和水面面积的增加使日最高气温降低约-2 ℃;内陆站点的温度下降幅度大于沿海站点，这表明，为了改善内陆的气候，在海风的作用下，上游区域的植被和开放水面是必要的。少