International comparison of energy demand and supply in urban areas under different climate conditions and feasibility to introduce renewable energy into the supply system

设计低CO2排放的城市能源供应系统是避免灾难性全球变暖的重要问题之一。众所周知，欧洲北方的一些城市集中运行区域供热系统，利用余热作为主要热源之一。然而，类似的概念是否也可以适用于中纬度和低纬度地区的城市地区，可能还没有得到充分的研究。因此，本研究旨在首先比较哥德堡（瑞典）、哥本哈根（丹麦）、汉诺威（德国）、塞萨洛尼基（希腊）、名古屋（日本）和柔佛巴赫里等城市的能源供需特征和可再生能源状况。（马来西亚），二是开发和应用系统动力学和LCA-CO2评价能源供应系统的方法，三是评价中低纬度地区城市化引起的气温上升可能引起的能源需求变化。已获得资源 关于我们 结果如下：（1）对上述城市的能源供需、可再生能源资源、土地利用分布、环境指标等数据和文献进行了广泛的修正;（2）利用这些数据，明确了北方城市的DH程度和可再生能源作为热源的比例，例如，在人口47万的哥德堡，通过DH提供的热能为3500 GWh/y，在人口1.（3）详细比较了哥德堡和名古屋（人口：220万）垃圾焚烧厂的真实的热能利用情况，and.it发现名古屋焚烧厂的余热利用率仅为哥德堡的1/70，名古屋焚烧厂的余热利用率约为哥德堡的20%。（4）建立了一个系统动力学模型来评估包含可再生能源的城市能源供应系统;（5）分析了柔佛巴赫里地区的热环境变化。和名古屋的城市化所造成的影响进行了评估，从1970年到2020年的50年的土地利用分布在过去，现在和未来。少

To design urban energy supply system with low CO2 emission is one of the most important issues to avoid disastrous global warming. It is well known that some northern European cities intensively operate district-heating system with use of waste heat as one of the main heat sources. Whether a similar concept, however, can be applied also to urban areas it middle and low latitudinal region may have not been fully investigated.. Thus this study aimed first to compare the conditions such as the characteristics of energy supply and demand and the available renewable energy among the cities of Gothenburg (Sweden), Copenhagen (Denmark), Hanover (Germany), Thessaloniki (Greece), Nagoya (Japan), and Johor Bahri. (Malaysia), second to develop and apply the method for evaluation of the energy supply system with systems dynamics and LCA-CO2, and third to evaluate possible change of energy demand due to temperature rise caused by urbanization for some cities in middle and low latitude. Obtained res … More ults are as follows : (1) data and literatures on energy supply and demand, resources of renewable energy, land-use distribution, and environmental indices for the cities listed above were extensively corrected, (2) by using the data, the extent of DH and the percentage of renewable energy as the heat source in the northern cities were made clear, for example, supplied thermal energy through DH was 3500GWh/y in Gothenburg with the population of 0.47 million, 4700GWh/y in Copenhagen with 1. 38 million, and 1370GWh/y in Hanover with 0.53 million, (3) the real use of thermal energy from the waste incineration plants in Gothenburg and Nagoya (population :2.2 million) was compared in detail, and.it was found that the waste heat from the plant in Nagoya is utilized by only 1/70 of that in Gothenburg and that the waste heat from the incineration plants in Nagoya can fulfill about 20% of the thermal energy demand by households, offices, hotels, hospitals, and so on, (4) a systems dynamics model has been developed to evaluate urban energy supply system which incorporates renewable energy, and (5) the change of thermal environment in Johor Bahri. and Nagoya caused by urbanization has been evaluated for 50 years from 1970 to 2020 with use of land-use distributions in past, present, and future. Less