On the Development of a Comprehensive Model of English as a Foreign Language Proficiency with Learner Background Characteristics using Structure Equation Modeling Approach

该项目的最后一年主要侧重于使用对缺失值的多元回归推算技术对整个数据进行重新分析。因此，以前被视为失踪的案件中，约有五分之一能够从档案中保存并输入数据集。然而，在最佳模型的选择和最佳模型的估计参数方面，这一过程得到的结果与以前的结果没有明显的差异。本研究的一个重要发现是，平等影响模型假设了包括监视器在内的所有学习者背景因素之间的相互联系，它被证明明显好于其他模型，该模型假定监视器不是一个独立的因素，而是一个由正式的、明确的规则导向的指令产生的依赖因素。这一结果支持了Krashen的学习和习得之间存在接口的模型。特别是，Monitor和其他因素，特别是非正式的英语接触，有显著的相关性。这一结果暗示了一种新的、理论上有趣的模型的可能性，该模型可能被称为“反转界面模型”。在这个模型中，Monitor可能会影响非正式的英语接触，反之亦然

The last year of the project focused mainly on the reanalyzes of the whole data using the technique of multiple regression imputation of the missing values. Consequently, about one fifth of the cases that were formerly treated as missing was able to be saved from the archive and entered into the data set. However, the results obtained from this procedure did not show any noticeable difference compared with the previous results in terms of its best model selection, and the estimated parameters for the best model. Thus, the data set without such imputation was used for the final analyzes including exploring the prossibility of the improvement of the selected best model in order to avoid potential problems causedby data imputation, such as linear dependency, estimates being fixed to lower and/or upper boundaries.One important finding of the current study was that the Equal Influence Model, which assumed mutual correlational links among all the learner background factors including Monitor turned out to be significantly better than other models, which presumed Monitor was not an independent but a dependent factor generated by formal, explicit rule oriented instructions. This result supported the models assuming the interface between Krashen's Learning and Acquisition. In particular, Monitor and other factors, especially, Informal Exposure to English had significant correlations. This result suggests the possibility of a new and theoretically interesting model, which might be called "Reversed Interface Model". In this model, Monitor could affect the Informal Exposure to English as well as the other way round