On an application of brain science to L1/L2 linguistic information processing mechanism : A brain-imaging-technique approach

我们花了2004学年的前半部分准备研究实验，包括选择一种新的fNIRS模型（功能近红外光谱）。我们调整了最初的研究设计和研究问题，实际分配的研究经费，并侧重于不对称的双语和学习者谁开始他们的收购/学习后，通过传统的关键时期。在这些参与者的帮助下，我们利用下半年的时间来监测参与者额叶和侧叶血液浓度模式的相对变化，关注任务类型，任务难度以及参与者的L1和目标语言之间的语言距离。与此同时，我们开始探索同时使用fNIRS和眼动记录系统的可能性，与上一学年的下半学期一样，我们主要进行了实验，以考察语言距离与眼动记录系统之间的关系。 ...更多信息 在受试者的L1和目标语言，任务的相对难度与受试者的目标语言水平，和学习的起始年龄。我们发现，参与者的LI属于印欧语系和非印欧语言背景的参与者表现出不同的血液浓度模式从事ESL任务，即使他们的熟练程度看起来几乎相同时，估计传统的纸测试。在2006学年，我们同时使用fNIRS和眼动仪监测了被试在完成多媒体系统提供的ESL阅读任务时的血药浓度模式和眼动。我们还获得了关于学习者使用多媒体材料的策略的数据。结果表明，瞳孔直径、额叶某些部位的激活水平等眼动指标与情景应对策略之间存在明显的相关性。作为fNIRS在语言科学中的又一拓展，Saito等人对汉字进行了一系列实验，并取得了显著的结果。Leung还研究了受试者的L1差异与左额叶血液浓度模式之间的关系。少

We spent the former half of the academic year 2004 for preparation of research experiments, including the selection of a new model of fNIRS (functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy). We adjusted the initial research design and research questions to the actually allocated research grant and focused on asymmetrical bilinguals and learners who started their acquisition/learning after passing traditional critical periods. With the help of those participants, we used the latter half of the year to monitor the relative change of participants' blood concentration patterns of frontal and lateral lobes, paying attention to task types, task difficulties, and the linguistic distance between participants'Ll and the target language. At the same time, we started to explore the possibility of simultaneous use of fNIRS and eye-movement recording system.As in the latter half of the previous academic year, we primarily conducted experiments to examine the relationships among the linguistic distances betwe … More en participants'Ll and the target language, the relative difficulties of the tasks regarding participants' target language proficiencies, and the onset age of learning. We found that participants whose LI belonged to Indo-European language families and participants with non-Indo-European linguistic background showed different blood concentration patterns engaging in ESL tasks even if their proficiency levels looked virtually equal when estimated by traditional paper tests. We also obtained some supporting evidence for our previous finding that the strength of the cortical activation and the participants' proficiency would form an inverted U-shape.In academic year 2006, we used fNIRS and eye-mark recorder simultaneously to monitor participants' blood concentration patterns and eye-movements when they engaged in ESL reading tasks provided by a multimedia system. We also obtained data concerning learners' strategies to use multimedia material. The results indicated that there seems to be a clear relationship among the eye-movements including the diameter of participants' pupilla, the activation level of some parts of frontal lobe, and the situation-coping strategies.As another extension of fNIRS and its application to language science, Saito, et al. conducted a series of experiments on Kanji (Chinese characters) and obtained noteworthy results. Focusing on Chinese characters in Chinese language and their tonal aspect, Leung also investigated the relationship between participants'L1 difference and the blood concentration patterns of the left frontal lobe. Less