Documentation and analysis of the earliest wooden weapons from the Paleolithic site of Schöningen (13 II, excavation H. Thieme)

舍宁根旧石器时代遗址中最早的木制武器的记录和分析（13 II，挖掘 H. Thieme）

• 批准号: 447423357
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Holger Militz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/447423357?language=en
• 关键词: Documentation; analysis; earliest; wooden; weapons

In the 1990s, the discovery of the world’s oldest complete wooden weapons in the lignite mine of Schöningen (district Helmstedt, Lower Saxony) revolutionized our perspective on the technical-cognitive capabilities of early humans. During excavation nearly all wooden remains from what is known as the "spear horizon" (Schöningen site 13 II-4) were completely recovered, so there is a unique inventory available for analyses. For years the conservation of wooden artefacts have necessarily been focal points of research. But at the same time it was possible to lay important groundwork for scientific analyses of the wooden remains, including the compilation of all finds in a GIS-database, the classification of wooden species for most artefacts and wood-anatomical descriptions of the most important finds. A systematic inspection of the total number of 778 wooden finds from the "spear horizon", which are predominantly preserved waterlogged in their original find condition, could also be organised. In this process at least 44 worked wooden remains were detected in addition to the 12 wooden artefacts already known in 45 fragments. Worked objects are predominantly made of spruce wood, in some cases also of pine or larch wood; unworked wooden remains, classified as willow or poplar, are plainly part of the natural vegetation of the time. The project applied for here will analyse all wooden remains from the "spear horizon" in their entirety. For that purpose, all wooden artefacts will be recorded and described in detail in order to obtain a reliable total inventory. High-resolution images of the wooden remains will be obtained by different techniques such as CT, scanning and digital microscopy. In a next step a functional analysis of all artefacts takes place. The chaîne opératoire of all artefacts will be established to clarify in what condition artefacts were brought to the site, and whether and to what extent processing steps may have been carried out directly on site. Among others refittings of wooden remains are necessary for this. Tree ring sequences of wooden remains will be analysed in order to achieve an internal tree ring sequence for this site, which in turn will permit the identification of overlaps in several artefact tree ring sequences that might indicate synchronous usage or usage in time spans close to each other. Thereby evidence for the chronological depth of the find layer as well as climatological details can be obtained. Tree ring sequences of wooden artefacts already worked out by W. Schoch, for instance, verified freezing episodes during periods of growth. All results are to be published in peer reviewed journals and in a monograph. It is furthermore intended to present them on the Internet as well as in the Research Museum in Schöningen.

20世纪90年代，在Schöningen（萨克森州Helmstedt区）的褐煤矿中发现了世界上最古老的完整木制武器，彻底改变了我们对早期人类技术认知能力的看法。在挖掘过程中，几乎所有来自所谓的“矛层”（Schöningen site 13 II-4）的木制遗骸都被完全回收，因此有一个独特的库存可供分析。多年来，木制文物的保护一直是研究的重点。但与此同时，也有可能为木制遗骸的科学分析奠定重要的基础，包括在地理信息系统数据库中汇编所有发现，对大多数人工制品的木制物种进行分类，并对最重要的发现进行木材解剖学描述。还可以组织对来自“矛地平线”的778个木制发现的总数进行系统检查，这些发现主要以原始发现状态保存。在这一过程中，除了已知的45个碎片中的12件木制品外，还发现了至少44件木制品。经过加工的物品主要由云杉木制成，在某些情况下也由松木或落叶松木制成;未加工的木制遗骸，分类为杨柳或白杨，显然是当时自然植被的一部分。这里申请的项目将全面分析“矛地平线”的所有木制遗骸。为此，所有木制品都将被详细记录和描述，以获得可靠的总库存。将通过CT、扫描和数字显微镜等不同技术获得木制遗骸的高分辨率图像。在下一步骤中，对所有人工制品进行功能分析。将建立所有人工制品的操作区，以澄清人工制品是在何种条件下运到现场的，以及是否和在何种程度上直接在现场进行了加工步骤。除其他外，改装木制遗骸是必要的。将对木制遗骸的树木年轮序列进行分析，以获得该遗址的内部树木年轮序列，这反过来又将允许识别几个人工制品树木年轮序列的重叠，这些重叠可能表明同步使用或在时间跨度上彼此接近。因此，可以获得发现层的年代深度以及气候细节的证据。树木年轮序列的木制文物已经制定了W。例如，Schoch证实了生长期间的冻结事件。所有结果都将发表在同行评审期刊和专著中。此外，还打算在互联网上以及在舍宁根的研究博物馆中展示这些资料。