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Development and Aging of Locomotion in Primates including Humans.

包括人类在内的灵长类动物运动的发育和衰老。

基本信息

批准号：
14204083
负责人：
HAMADA Yuzuru
金额：
$ 27.04万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As the final year of this project, members have collected final data and analyzed them to evaluate the development and aging of Motor performance in humans and in non-human primates. We held the international symposium, entitled as "Development, Aging, and Motor Performance" in November, 2005, with the three foreign researchers invited, where we discussed and exchanged ideas based on their papers, and also each of the mwmbers presented his results, obtained through this four year project. The papers presented by the invited speakers are as follows : Exercise and nutritional influences on the physical aging in non-human catarrhines (Newell-Morris, U.Washington), Kinematics and functional morphology in the bipedal great apes (D'Aout, U.Antwerp), and long-term study on the influence of caloric-restriction to the recognition and motor performances in aged macaques (Ingram, NIA of NIH). From our researches, we could delineate various aspects of development and aging. Firstly the locomotor d … More evelopments in chimpanzees were studied as follows : The pushing-up of body by the lower-limb becomes major propulsive power in vertical climbing with growth (Nakano) ; Cross-sectional stress-properties of the femur develop adaptively with the physical and performance development e.g., the femur is strengthened antero-posteriorly by the relative development of adductor muscles (Matsumura) ; The femur do not show significant proportional morphological change in diaphyseal and joint parts with growth, but the parts which are responsible for muscular or body weight stress, such as the greater trochanter and medial condyle, show strong development relative to other parts, (Ishida). Secondly on the vertebral column development and aging in Japanese macaques, it was found that the column keeps developing until relatively later and starts aging processes relatively earlier than that in humans (Hamada). Thirdly, the usefulness of computer simulation was shown in the analyses of various aspects of aging or disorder in bipedalism and maintenance of posture in humans (Hase). Fourthly, several studies were made on the walking in aged humans. Using multiple electromyography electrode method, the characteristic walking in aged humans were caused by such histological change as the degeneration of fast-twitch muscle fibres in major muscles (Okada). The long-term longitudinal study revealed that the walking parameters, such as step distance or walking velocity, significantly change with age, which may be caused by the decrease both in muscular force and the amount, of daily physical activities (Kimura). The un-controlled movement found in descending steps is found to be partially caused by the deterioration in nervous control on such major muscles as the quadriceps femoris that exert power by excentric constriction (Adachi). Finally fairly good results have been obtained to increase or maintain motor performance in aged humans by the combination of exercise and internet-based data collection and evaluating system (Nishizawa). By these contributions, inconclusion, the purposes of this project raised at the beginning of this project, that is firstly the search for the factors influencing the development and aging in motor apparatus and performance, especially those pertaining to bipedalism ; and secondly the development of analyzing and training system to increase or maintain motor performance in aged humans ; were considered to be successfully obtained. Less

作为该项目的最后一年，成员们收集并分析了最终数据，以评估人类和非人类灵长类动物运动性能的发展和老化。我们于2005年11月举办了题为“发展、衰老和运动性能”的国际研讨会，邀请了三位外国研究人员，在他们的论文基础上进行了讨论和交流，并每位成员都介绍了他们通过这个四年项目获得的成果。特邀演讲人提交的论文如下：运动和营养对非人类卡他类动物身体衰老的影响（Newell-Morris，U.华盛顿），两足类人猿的运动和功能形态学（D 'Aout，U.安特卫普），以及热量限制对老年猕猴识别和运动表现影响的长期研究（Ingram，NIH的NIA）。从我们的研究中，我们可以描绘出发育和衰老的各个方面。第一，运动D ...更多信息黑猩猩的发育研究如下：随着生长，下肢的身体上推成为垂直攀爬的主要推进力（中野）;股骨的横截面应力特性随着身体和性能的发展而适应性地发展，例如，股骨通过内收肌的相对发育而前后加强（Matsumura）;股骨在骨干和关节部位没有显示出明显的比例形态变化，但负责肌肉或体重应力的部位，如大转子和内侧髁，相对于其他部位显示出强烈的发育（Ishida）。其次，关于日本猕猴的脊柱发育和衰老，发现脊柱持续发育直到相对较晚，并且比人类（Hamada）相对较早地开始衰老过程。第三，计算机模拟的有用性在分析两足动物的衰老或障碍的各个方面以及人类姿势的维持中显示出来（Hase）。第四，对老年人的步行进行了一些研究。应用多电极肌电图技术，发现老年人特征性行走是由主要肌群（Okada）快缩肌纤维变性等组织学改变引起的。长期纵向研究显示，步行参数，如步距或步行速度，随着年龄的增长显着变化，这可能是由于肌肉力量和日常体力活动量的减少（木村）。在下降步骤中发现的不受控制的运动被发现部分是由对诸如股四头肌等主要肌肉的神经控制的恶化引起的，股四头肌通过偏心收缩（阿达奇）来施加力量。最后，通过运动和基于互联网的数据收集和评估系统（Nishizawa）的结合，已经获得了相当好的结果，以提高或保持老年人的运动性能。通过这些贡献，总之，本项目的目的在本项目开始时提出，即首先是寻找影响运动器官和性能的发育和老化的因素，特别是那些与两足动物有关的因素;其次是开发分析和训练系统，以提高或保持老年人的运动性能;被认为是成功实现的。少