Preservation and utilization of genetic resources of domestic ruminants, based on studies of the origin and phylogeny

通过国外科学考察和目前的研究项目，我们在日本和亚洲国家收集了数千份反刍动物的DNA样品，如牛、水牛、绵羊、山羊、猪等，这些宝贵的DNA样品由目前的研究人员进行数据存档，以便为其他地方的研究人员提供。另一方面，对这些样本进行分析，以了解地方群体间的遗传变异和遗传分化，以及几个功能基因的基因型变异。1.群体间遗传分化的研究（1）对来自南亚和东南亚大陆的家猪和野猪进行了线粒体基因组单倍型分析，结果表明，部分猪与同一地区的野猪mtDNA单倍型完全相同，2.反刍动物功能基因的基因型变异研究（1）用系统生物学方法研究了动物季节性繁殖调控相关基因簇的表达，发现TSH。MBH的升高增加了DIO 2基因表达，随后是其他基因表达，表明MBH中的TSH是光周期活动的触发因素。(2)研究了中国和东亚绵羊B2C高硫羊毛蛋白等位基因的多态性，并与欧洲品种进行了比较。北方地方猪种与欧洲猪种的等位基因组成相似，而南方地方猪种与欧洲猪种的等位基因频率有显著差异。（3）对不同地方或本地人群的Purion蛋白基因型进行检测，发现痒病敏感基因型ARQ/ARQ在东亚地方品种或本地人群中高度流行。

We have collected several thousands of DNA samples of ruminants, such as cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, etc, in Japan and Asian countries through overseas scientific surveys and present research project Those invaluable DNA samples were data-filed by the present investigators in order to facilitate them to be supplied far researchers elsewhere. On the other hand, we analyzed those samples to get knowledge of the genetic-variability and -differentiation between local populations, and genotypic variations of several functional genes.1.Research on genetic differentiation between populations(1) Domestic pigs and wild boars from respective areas of South and Southeast Asian continent were analyzed of the r mtDNA haplotypes, The result showed that some pigs carried identical mtDNA haplotypes to those of wild boars inhabiting same area, i.e. polyphyletic origin of the pig.2.Researches on genotypic variations of ruminant functional genes(1) Expression of a cluster of genes related to regulates of seasonal breeding of animals was examined by methods of system biology, we found that the TSH. elevation in MBH increased DIO2 gene expression followed by other gene expressions, indicating TSH in MBH is a trigger for the photoperiodic activities.(2) Polymorphism in B2C high-sulfur wool protein alleles was examined in sheep from China and East Asia and compared to European breeds. The local breeds of northern part of the area showed a similar allelic compositions to European breeds, but the southern local populations were marked different from them in the allelic frequencies.(3)Purion protein genotypes were examined in a variety of local or native populations, and found the scrapie sensitive genotype ARQ/ARQ is highly prevalent in East Asian local breeds or native populations.