Study on Phylogeny and Screening of Functional Gene Variants in the Domesticated Bovines and Bubalines, and their Related Wild Species by using DNA Analyses.

1)采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了缅甸罗望子水牛转铁蛋白（Tf）的多态性及其与亚洲水牛的比较。2）布法罗卫星DNA序列的分析和染色体分布研究从水牛的DNA中提取卫星DNA，用两种限制性内切酶进行酶切，得到大小分别为1400 bp和700 bp的两个片段。3）明多伦水牛的细胞遗传学分析：R-banded核型、着丝粒卫星DNA、端粒序列和18 S-18 S 关于我们 28 SrRNA基因与家水牛的比较研究表明，塔玛拉水牛的谱系与水牛的沼泽型相近，但其核型特征为7号染色体与15号染色体的罗伯逊易位，以及牛标准核型中染色体4p和12的端粒-着丝粒串联融合。来自老挝、泰国和越南的本地牛的β链多态性。检测血红蛋白-β链（Hbb）多态性。用等电聚焦法对HbbA、HbbB、HbbX_1和HbbX_2变异体进行了表征。HbbA为常见等位基因，与HbbB呈高度多态性，HbbX 1和HbbX 2分别与斑腾牛和大额牛的HbbX 1和HbbX 2相同。HbbX_2很少，HbbX_1出现在10- 20%，5）利用SRY基因的多态性分析了老挝和越南牛的金牛型和印度牛型之间的父系基因流，建立了Y染色体SRY基因的RFLP分析方法，可以明确地区分金牛型和印度牛型。6）在越南牛中发现了一种罗伯逊易位rob（2; 28），在越南牛中发现了一种罗伯逊易位rob（2; 28），在越南牛中发现了一种罗伯逊易位rob（2 ; 28），在越南牛中发现了一种罗伯逊易位rob（2; 28），在越南牛中发现了一种罗伯逊易位rob（2 ; 28）。融合染色体与大额牛的最大染色体Bos gaurus frontalis一致。少

1)Transferrin polymorphism in the tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis and comparison among the Asian buffaloes using polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis.Highly genetic polymorphism of transferrin (Tf) was found among plasma proteins or enzymes examined in the tamaraw, an endangered species of Asian buffalos. The variants TfA and TfB will be effective markers for analysis of the population structure of the animal.2)Characterization and chromosomal distribution of satellite DNA sequences of the water buffalo Bubalus bubalis.Satellite DNA was isolated from the animals and digested with two restriction endonucleases, that produced two fragments in the size of 1400bp and 700bp. This centromeric specific probes were effective to determine evolutionary changes of Robertsonian translocations among the Asian buffalo species.3)Cytogenetic analysis of the tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis : A comparison of R-banded karyotype and chromosomal distribution of centromeric sattelite DNAs, telomeric sequence, and 18S- … More 28S rRNA genes with domestic water buffaloes.The results obtained by using cytological methods showed that the lineage of the tamaraw was located close to the swamp type of buffaloes but the tamaraw karyotype was chracterized both by Robertsonian translocation between chromosome 7 and 15 and the telomere-centromere tandem fusion of the cromosome 4p and 12 of the standard karyotype of bovine.4)Comparison of hemoglobin-beta chain polymorphisms of the native cattle from Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. Hemoglobin-beta chain (Hbb) polymorphism was examined. By using isoelectrofocusing method was descriminated HbbA, HbbB, HbbX1 and HbbX2 variants. The HbbA was common allele and showed a highly polymorphism with HbbB.The HbbX1 and HbbX2 were considered to be identical to that of wild bovine species of banteng and gayal respectively. The HbbX2 was few but the HbbX1 occuurred at 10-20%, suggesting a genetic contribution of gayal to those native cattle populations in the continental South-east Asia.5)An assay for paternal gene flow between the taurus-type and the indicus-type of cattle in Laos and Vietnam using variation in SRY gene.The RFLP analysis of SRY gene on Y-chromosome was established that could cleary identify the taurus-type of the SRY and the Indicus-type of it. Six % of 120 animals examined shouwed the taurus-type, and the rest indicus-type.6)A Robertsonian translocation, rob (2 ; 28), found in Vietnamese cattle.The rob (2 ; 28) Robertsonian translocation was found in Vietnamese cattle. The fused chromosome was considered to be identical with the largest one of gayal, Bos gaurus frontalis. Less