Study on Phylogeny and Screening of Functional Gene Variants in the Domesticated Bovines and Bubalines, and their Related Wild Species by using DNA Analyses.

1)利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对印尼绒猴转铁蛋白多态性及亚洲水牛间的比较。在亚洲濒危物种塔玛罗水牛的血浆蛋白或酶中发现了高度遗传多态性的转铁蛋白（Tf）。变体TfA和TfB将成为分析该动物种群结构的有效标记。2) Bubalus bubalis水牛卫星DNA序列特征及染色体分布。从动物身上分离卫星DNA，用两个限制性内切酶进行酶切，得到两个大小分别为1400bp和700bp的片段。这种着丝点特异性探针可以有效地确定亚洲水牛物种间罗伯逊易位的进化变化。3)柽柳的细胞遗传学分析：与家养水牛的着丝粒卫星dna、端粒序列和18S-…更多28S rRNA基因的r带核型和染色体分布比较。细胞学分析结果表明，塔玛罗的细胞系接近沼泽型水牛，但其核型既具有7 ~ 15号染色体的Robertsonian易位特征，又具有牛标准核型4p和12号染色体的端粒-着丝粒串联融合特征。4)老挝、泰国和越南本地牛血红蛋白- β链多态性比较。检测血红蛋白- β链（Hbb）多态性。采用等电聚焦法对HbbA、HbbB、HbbX1和HbbX2变异进行了鉴定。HbbA为常见等位基因，与HbbB具有高度多态性。HbbX1和HbbX2分别被认为与班腾和盖雅两种野生牛相同。HbbX2很少，但HbbX1的发生率为10-20%，表明在东南亚大陆的本地牛种群中有遗传贡献。5)利用SRY基因变异对老挝和越南金牛型和籼牛型之间父本基因流的分析。建立了y染色体上SRY基因的RFLP分析，可以清楚地鉴定出SRY的金牛型和籼稻型。120只动物中有6%为金牛座型，其余为indicus型。6)一种罗伯逊易位，罗布（2;28），在越南牛中发现。罗伯（2;28）罗伯逊易位在越南牛中被发现。融合的染色体被认为是与最大的羚羊bogaurus frontalis相同。少

1)Transferrin polymorphism in the tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis and comparison among the Asian buffaloes using polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis.Highly genetic polymorphism of transferrin (Tf) was found among plasma proteins or enzymes examined in the tamaraw, an endangered species of Asian buffalos. The variants TfA and TfB will be effective markers for analysis of the population structure of the animal.2)Characterization and chromosomal distribution of satellite DNA sequences of the water buffalo Bubalus bubalis.Satellite DNA was isolated from the animals and digested with two restriction endonucleases, that produced two fragments in the size of 1400bp and 700bp. This centromeric specific probes were effective to determine evolutionary changes of Robertsonian translocations among the Asian buffalo species.3)Cytogenetic analysis of the tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis : A comparison of R-banded karyotype and chromosomal distribution of centromeric sattelite DNAs, telomeric sequence, and 18S- … More 28S rRNA genes with domestic water buffaloes.The results obtained by using cytological methods showed that the lineage of the tamaraw was located close to the swamp type of buffaloes but the tamaraw karyotype was chracterized both by Robertsonian translocation between chromosome 7 and 15 and the telomere-centromere tandem fusion of the cromosome 4p and 12 of the standard karyotype of bovine.4)Comparison of hemoglobin-beta chain polymorphisms of the native cattle from Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. Hemoglobin-beta chain (Hbb) polymorphism was examined. By using isoelectrofocusing method was descriminated HbbA, HbbB, HbbX1 and HbbX2 variants. The HbbA was common allele and showed a highly polymorphism with HbbB.The HbbX1 and HbbX2 were considered to be identical to that of wild bovine species of banteng and gayal respectively. The HbbX2 was few but the HbbX1 occuurred at 10-20%, suggesting a genetic contribution of gayal to those native cattle populations in the continental South-east Asia.5)An assay for paternal gene flow between the taurus-type and the indicus-type of cattle in Laos and Vietnam using variation in SRY gene.The RFLP analysis of SRY gene on Y-chromosome was established that could cleary identify the taurus-type of the SRY and the Indicus-type of it. Six % of 120 animals examined shouwed the taurus-type, and the rest indicus-type.6)A Robertsonian translocation, rob (2 ; 28), found in Vietnamese cattle.The rob (2 ; 28) Robertsonian translocation was found in Vietnamese cattle. The fused chromosome was considered to be identical with the largest one of gayal, Bos gaurus frontalis. Less