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Search for the genes responsible for adaptation to marine environments: osmoregulatory hormone genes

寻找负责适应海洋环境的基因：渗透调节激素基因

基本信息

批准号：
16207004
负责人：
TAKEI Yoshio
金额：
$ 30.95万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The sea, from which the life originates, is generally a comfortable environment for living organism. However, high osmotic pressure of seawater poses a heavy burden to marine teleosts that have plasma osmotic pressure only one third of seawater. Hormones play central roles in body fluid regulation in such hyperosmotic environmental. However, major hormones that play key roles in seawater adaptation have not been identified thus far, although vasopressin/vasotocin is identified as an essential hormone to adapt to the terrestrial environment. Therefore, we search for Na-extruding hormones in the genome database of pufferfish and medaka, and they are much diversified in teleost fish. For instance, natriuretic peptides (NPs) have 7 paralogs in teleost, much more than 3 in mammals, and one of the NPs, atrial NP (ANP), is found to be a major seawater-adapting hormone in teleost fish. ANP decreases plasma Na concentration in seawater eels by inhibiting drinking and subsequent absorption of Na … More Cl by the intestine, thereby promoting seawater adaptation. Adrenomedullin is a water and Na-extruding hormone in mammals, but it forms an independent subfamily of 5 paralogs (AM1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) in teleost fish. Further, we discovered AM2 and AM5 in mammals. AM2 has potent central actions for body fluid regulation such as inhibition of drinking and oxytocin secretion in mammals, while AM5 may be related to regulation of immune system. AM2 and AM5 have a potent dipsogenic and antidiuretic effects, so that these hormones may promoter seawater adaptation in teleost fish. Guanylin, an intestinal hormone, causes diarrhea in mammals by secreting Cl ions into the lumen of the intestine, with which water moves in parallel. In teleost fish, guanylin also stimulates Cl secretion in the intestine. However, the secreted Cl ions are absorbed with Na and K through Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, two more osmolytes moves from the lumen into the body, resulting in absorption of water. Therefore, guanylin may promote seawater adaptation by acquiring more water to cope with dehydration. In summary, we could identify major hormones that promote seawater adaptation through the three-year project supported by JSPS. Less

海洋是生命的发源地，通常为生物体提供舒适的环境。然而，海水的高渗透压对血浆渗透压仅为海水三分之一的海洋硬骨鱼造成了沉重的负担。在这种高渗环境中，激素在体液调节中发挥着核心作用。然而，尽管加压素/加压素被确定为适应陆地环境的必需激素，但迄今为止，在海水适应中起关键作用的主要激素尚未确定。因此，我们在河豚和青鳉的基因组数据库中寻找排钠激素，它们在硬骨鱼中的多样性非常高。例如，利钠肽（NP）在硬骨鱼中有7种旁系同源物，远多于哺乳动物中的3种，其中一种NP，心房NP（ANP），被发现是硬骨鱼中主要的海水适应激素。 ANP 通过抑制肠道对 Na … More Cl 的吸收和随后的吸收来降低海水鳗鱼的血浆 Na 浓度，从而促进海水适应。肾上腺髓质素是哺乳动物中的一种水和钠排出激素，但它在硬骨鱼中形成一个由 5 个旁系同源物（AM1、2、3、4 和 5）组成的独立亚家族。此外，我们在哺乳动物中发现了 AM2 和 AM5。 AM2对体液调节具有强大的中枢作用，例如抑制哺乳动物的饮水和催产素分泌，而AM5可能与免疫系统的调节有关。 AM2和AM5具有强大的促利作用和抗利尿作用，因此这些激素可以促进硬骨鱼的海水适应。鸟苷素是一种肠道激素，通过将 Cl 离子分泌到肠腔中，与水平行移动，引起哺乳动物腹泻。在硬骨鱼中，鸟苷酸还刺激肠道内的氯离子分泌。然而，分泌的Cl离子通过Na-K-2Cl协同转运蛋白与Na和K一起吸收，另外两种渗透剂从管腔移动到体内，导致水的吸收。因此，鸟苷酸可能通过获取更多的水来应对脱水来促进海水适应。总之，通过 JSPS 支持的三年项目，我们可以确定促进海水适应的主要激素。较少的