Search for the genes responsible for adaptation to marine environments: osmoregulatory hormone genes

寻找负责适应海洋环境的基因：渗透调节激素基因

基本信息

批准号：
16207004
负责人：
TAKEI Yoshio
金额：
$ 30.95万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The sea, from which the life originates, is generally a comfortable environment for living organism. However, high osmotic pressure of seawater poses a heavy burden to marine teleosts that have plasma osmotic pressure only one third of seawater. Hormones play central roles in body fluid regulation in such hyperosmotic environmental. However, major hormones that play key roles in seawater adaptation have not been identified thus far, although vasopressin/vasotocin is identified as an essential hormone to adapt to the terrestrial environment. Therefore, we search for Na-extruding hormones in the genome database of pufferfish and medaka, and they are much diversified in teleost fish. For instance, natriuretic peptides (NPs) have 7 paralogs in teleost, much more than 3 in mammals, and one of the NPs, atrial NP (ANP), is found to be a major seawater-adapting hormone in teleost fish. ANP decreases plasma Na concentration in seawater eels by inhibiting drinking and subsequent absorption of Na … More Cl by the intestine, thereby promoting seawater adaptation. Adrenomedullin is a water and Na-extruding hormone in mammals, but it forms an independent subfamily of 5 paralogs (AM1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) in teleost fish. Further, we discovered AM2 and AM5 in mammals. AM2 has potent central actions for body fluid regulation such as inhibition of drinking and oxytocin secretion in mammals, while AM5 may be related to regulation of immune system. AM2 and AM5 have a potent dipsogenic and antidiuretic effects, so that these hormones may promoter seawater adaptation in teleost fish. Guanylin, an intestinal hormone, causes diarrhea in mammals by secreting Cl ions into the lumen of the intestine, with which water moves in parallel. In teleost fish, guanylin also stimulates Cl secretion in the intestine. However, the secreted Cl ions are absorbed with Na and K through Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, two more osmolytes moves from the lumen into the body, resulting in absorption of water. Therefore, guanylin may promote seawater adaptation by acquiring more water to cope with dehydration. In summary, we could identify major hormones that promote seawater adaptation through the three-year project supported by JSPS. Less

生命起源的大海通常是生活组织的舒适环境。但是，海水的高渗透压对海洋硬骨鱼的燃烧造成了沉重的燃烧，而海水的渗透压只有血浆渗透压仅占海水的三分之一。在这种高渗环境中，激素在体液调节中起着核心作用。然而，迄今为止，尚未确定在海水适应中起关键作用的主要激素，尽管加压素/血管固醇被确定为适应陆地环境的必不可少的赛车。因此，我们在河豚和Medaka的基因组数据库中搜索了NA侵犯的骑马，它们在Teleost Fish中的多样化。例如，Natriate pepperides（NP）有7个旁系同源物，哺乳动物中有3个以上，其中一个NPS Attrial NP（ANP）被发现是一种主要的海水适应Tootost Fish的龙骨。 ANP通过抑制饮酒和随后的肠道损失而降低了海水中的血浆Na浓度，从而促进了海水适应。肾上腺囊蛋白是哺乳动物中的水和NA驱除激素，但在Teleost Fish中形成了5个旁系同源物（AM1、2、3、4和5）的独立亚科。此外，我们在哺乳动物中发现了AM2和AM5。 AM2对体液调节具有潜在的中心作用，例如抑制饮酒和哺乳动物的催产素分泌，而AM5可能与免疫系统的调节有关。 AM2和AM5具有有效的偶然和抗利尿作用，因此这些骑马可以在Teleost Fish中启动海水适应。鸟苷是一种肠激素，通过将Cl离子分泌到肠腔中，导致哺乳动物的腹泻，水与水平行移动。在硬骨鱼中，鸟苷还刺激肠中的CL分泌。然而，分泌的Cl离子被Na和K通过Na-K-2Cl共转运蛋白吸收，另外两个渗透剂从管腔移入体内，导致水损失。因此，鸟根可以通过获得更多水来应对脱水来促进海水适应。总而言之，我们可以通过JSP支持的三年项目来确定促进海水适应的主要恐怖。较少的