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Molecular phylogenetic study of Felidae species in China

中国猫科动物分子系统发育研究

基本信息

批准号：
10041149
负责人：
MASUDA Ryuichi
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this project was to survey the status of Felidae species and small mammals as their preys living in Xinjiang of China and to investigate molecular phylogentic relationships among Felidae. During this project, we made expeditions for surveys three times, and we could visit most of areas in Xinjiang including Tarim Basin, Jungar Basin, and Tianshan Mountains. In Tarim Basin, we surveyed environments of habitats of the steppe wildcat and discussed their present status. Especially in southern and northern parts of Tarim Basin, population sizes of the yarkand hare were much higher, indicating that these areas are suitable for habitats of wildcats which prey on hares. In Jungar Basin, we found feces and footprints of the Pallas' cat in the field. In habitats of wildcats, we made surveys of small mammals to be their preys. As a results, we trapped sveral species of rodents including the great gerbil and some jerboas which have adapted themselves to arid regions. In addition, we surveyed habitats of the lynx and snow leopard as well as natural environments in Tianshan Mountains which are more than 2,000 m above sea level. There, we also examined the fauna of small mammals, and found the difference from that of the basins. From China, two researchers visited Hokkaido University and then studied the methodology of DNA analysis. Japanese researchers established PCR techniques of mitochondrial DNA and proceeded with molecular phylogenetic analysis of Felidae species of Asia. Genetic characteristics of Mustelidae which are competitors against Felidae in ecosystem of Xinjiang were also investigated. These findings provide invaluable information for more advancing genetic study of mammalian evolution in Middle Asia. Experiences obtained during this project are very helpful for promoting future overseas projects.

本研究的目的是调查新疆地区猫科动物及其捕食动物的现状，并探讨猫科动物间的分子遗传关系。在此期间，我们进行了三次考察，我们可以访问新疆的大部分地区，包括塔里木盆地，准噶尔盆地和天山山脉。对塔里木盆地草原野猫的生境环境进行了调查，并对其现状进行了讨论。特别是塔里木盆地南部和北方地区，野兔和夜猫子的种群数量较高，表明这些地区适合于以野兔为食的野猫的栖息。在准噶尔盆地，我们在田野里发现了兔八哥的粪便和脚印。在野猫的栖息地，我们调查了作为其猎物的小型哺乳动物。结果，我们捕获了几种啮齿动物，包括大沙鼠和一些适应干旱地区的跳鼠。此外，我们还调查了猞猁和雪豹的栖息地以及海拔2,000米以上的天山山脉的自然环境。在那里，我们还研究了小型哺乳动物的区系，并发现了与盆地的差异。来自中国的两名研究人员访问了北海道大学，然后研究了DNA分析的方法学。日本研究人员建立了线粒体DNA的PCR技术，并对亚洲猫科动物进行了分子系统发育分析。对新疆生态系统中猫科动物的竞争对手鼬科的遗传特征进行了研究。这些发现为进一步研究中亚哺乳动物进化提供了宝贵的信息。在此项目中获得的经验对推动未来的海外项目非常有帮助。