Study on genetic diversity of endangered species and development of molecular genetic techniques for conservation of genetic resources

该项目的目的是了解濒危物种的遗传多样性，并开发保护濒危物种的分子遗传技术。本研究的主要结果如下：1）线粒体DNA的分子遗传学分析表明，日本金雕群体内的遗传变异很小。此外，日本、韩国和中国群体之间的低水平遗传差异表明远东地区的遗传交流，因为金雕有广泛的运动范围。2）在北海道棕熊中发现3个mtDNA谱系，分别分布在北海道南部、北海道中北部和北海道东部。北海道南部的谱系在遗传学上更接近于西藏棕熊，而北海道中北部的谱系更接近于鄂霍次克海周围的大陆种群。这表明北海道棕熊的祖先是在不同的路线或不同的时间移民到北海道的。此外，我们还发现了mtDNA控制区内的重复序列，这些重复序列具有多态性和异质性。本研究结果为世界棕熊种群的物种保护和遗传资源保护提供了宝贵的信息。3）在北海道的西卡种群中发现了3个mtDNA谱系。但分布格局不如棕熊明显。我们的数据表明，鹿的人口恢复沿着针叶林从他们的瓶颈，由于明治时期的大雪。微卫星分析表明，北海道鹿种群的遗传多样性水平较低。4）根据分子系统发育数据，对黄鼬和飞鼠的种群地理和遗传特征进行了讨论。

The objective of this project was to understand genetic diversity of endangered species and to develop molecular genetic techniques for their conservation. The results obtained in this study were as folows :1)Molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)showed that genetic variations within the Japanese population of golden eagles were very small. In addtion, the low level of genetic differences between Japanese, Korean, and Chinese populations indicated genetic communication in Far Eastern areas because golden eagles have wide range of movement. Our data provided useful information to the capture-breeding plan of this species in zoological gardens of our country.2)In Hokkaido brown bears, we found three mtDNA lineages which were distributed separately in southern Hokkaido, North-central Hokkaido, and eastern Hokkaido. The lineage of southern Hokkaido was phylogenetically closer to the Tibetan brown bear, while the north-central Hokkaido lineage was very much closer to the continental populations around Okhotsk Sea. This indicates that the ancestry of Hokkaido brown bears immigrated to Hokkaido in different routes or different times. in addition, we found repetitive sequences within the mtDNA control region, which are polymorphic and heteroplasmic. Our results provided invaluable information to considering conservation of species and genetic resources of the worldwide brown bear populations.3)We found three mtDNA lineages in sika deer population in Hokkaido. But the distribution patterns were not so clear like brown bears'. Our data indicated that the deer population recovered along conifer forests from their bottleneck due to heavy snow of the Meiji period. Microsatellite analysis showed that the low level of genetic diversity in the deer population of Hokkaido.4)We discussed biogeography and genetic features based on molecular phylogenetic data of the Japanese weasel and flying squirrels in addition to the above species.