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Biodiversity information obtained from feces of mammals including the Tsushima leopard cat and application to species conservation 1230335CA 80192748

从对马豹猫等哺乳动物粪便中获得的生物多样性信息及其在物种保护中的应用 1230335CA 80192748

基本信息

批准号：
23651245
负责人：
MASUDA Ryuichi
金额：
$ 2.58万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2011 至 2012
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic information on fecal samples of carnivoran mammals including the Tsushima leopard cat, collected from field, and apply it to species conservation. Individuality test using microsatellite genotyping was performed on the fecal samples, whose species were identified as the leopard cat by using the PCR method of mitochondrial DNA markers. The analytical reproduction of genotypes on one sample was confirmed by two to six replications of analysis. The sex identification was also performed using sex-chromosomal DNA markers, leading to higher success rates of individuality test. By using the fecal samples collected in a restricted area on Tsushima Island during the last two years, some feces from different years were found to be originated from identical individuals of the leopard cats, indicating that the method makes it possible to estimate the ranges of individuals. Additionally, the similar method using microsatellite markers and tissue samples clarified the genetic background of the Tsushima marten, which is a sympatric species with the Tsushima leopard cat, and the result was published in an article. Furthermore, this kind of the non-invasive method was applied to individuality test and estimation of the individual number in a local population of the red fox in Hokkaido, and the successful result shows that the non-invasive method very much contributes to conservation genetic study of carnivoran species.

本研究的目的是获得对马豹猫等食肉类哺乳动物粪便样品的遗传信息，并将其应用于物种保护。采用微卫星基因分型技术对粪便样本进行个体性检验，并通过线粒体DNA标记的PCR方法鉴定其种属为豹猫。一个样品上的基因型分析再现通过2至6次重复分析来证实。性别鉴定也采用了性染色体DNA标记，从而提高了个体鉴定的成功率。通过使用近两年在对马岛限制区收集的粪便样品，发现不同年份的粪便来自相同的豹猫个体，表明该方法可以估计个体的范围。此外，使用微卫星标记和组织样本的类似方法澄清了与对马豹猫同域物种对马貂的遗传背景，结果发表在一篇文章中。并将这种非侵入性方法应用于北海道赤狐地方种群的个体测定和个体数估计，结果表明，这种非侵入性方法对食肉动物种群的保护遗传研究具有重要意义。