The Social Functions of Secondary schools between the two World Wars : From the cases in two defferent areas

两次世界大战期间中学的社会功能：来自两个不同地区的案例

• 批准号: 10410065
• 负责人: HIROTA Teruyuki
• 金额: $ 6.91万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10410065/
• 关键词: social mobility; educational opportunity; secondary school; social class; life course; social history; school culture; local community

We examined and compared the social functions of secondary schools in two remarkably different areas between the two World Wars.One area is the area, Toyonaka, where urbanization proceeded rapidly as a bed town of Osaka. There newly settled residents who mostly consisted of new middle class required academic secondary schools for their children.The other is the area, Tsuruoka in Yamagata prefecture, where modernizing process was much more slower than Toyonaka. There various social classes had their own educational demands, and different types of secondary schools, from academic to vocational, were established based on those demands.For example, boys of wealthy old middle class moved into new middle class through male academic schools. Boys of lower class enrolled in engineering secondary schools as future middle level engineer in urban big industry. Sewing schools were for future farmers' housewives.From these findings we can conclude as follows :1. Social classes have their own educational demands and the structure of social classes in a local area and its transformation has a strong influence on the type of secondary schools established.2. The purpose of secondary schools were to develop the area schools were established by educating young generation. But in fact prestigious academic schools had a function as a ladder for geographic mobility from a local area to urban and industrial areas. It may be the characteristic of Japanese secondary schools until late 1960's. We need to examine it more in detail.

我们在两次世界大战期间，对两个截然不同的地区的中学的社会功能进行了考察和比较。一个地区是作为大坂的“床城”而城市化迅速发展的丰中地区。这些新定居的居民大多是新中产阶级，他们的孩子需要上中学。另一个是山形县的鹤冈地区，那里的现代化进程比丰中慢得多。不同的社会阶层有不同的教育需求，不同类型的中等学校也根据这些需求而建立，从普通中学到职业中学，例如富裕的旧中产阶级的男孩通过男校进入新中产阶级。下层阶级的男孩进入工程中学，成为城市大工业未来的中层工程师。缝纫学校是为未来的农民家庭主妇开设的。社会阶层有自己的教育需求，一个地区的社会阶层结构及其变化对中学办学类型有很大的影响.中学的目的是通过教育年轻一代来发展学校。但事实上，著名的学术学校有一个功能，从一个地方到城市和工业区的地理流动的阶梯。这可能是日本中学的特点，直到20世纪60年代末。我们需要更详细地研究它。

项目成果

Hirota T., Suzuki T., Takase M.: "Causative Factors in the Differentiation of Life Course Patterns for Middle School Graduates : A Case Study of Tsuruoka Middle School"Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education The University of Tokyo. Vol.39. 97-124 (1

广田T.、铃木T.、高濑M.：“中学毕业生人生历程模式分化的原因：以鹤冈中学为例”东京大学教育研究生院通报。

広田 照幸ほか: "旧制中学校卒業生の進路規定要因に関する研究-山形県鶴岡中学校を事例として-"東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 39. 97-124 (1999)

广田辉之等：“旧体制下初中毕业生的职业决定因素研究——以山形县鹤冈中学为例”，东京大学教育研究生院通报39。 97-124 (1999)

寺崎 里水・吉田 文: "落第と「半途退学」にみる旧制中学校の社会的機能-山形県鶴岡中学校を事例として-"教育社会学研究. 66. 195-212 (2000)

寺崎里水和吉田彩：“从成绩不及格和‘中途退学’看旧制度下初中的社会功能——以山形县鹤冈中学为例”《教育社会学研究》66。195-212。 (2000)

Terasaki S., Yoshida A.: "The Social Function of Boy's Secondary Schools in Modern Japan : From the Perspectives of Repeationg and Withdrawal"The Journal of Educational Sociology. No.66. 195-212 (2000)

Terasaki S.，Yoshida A.：“现代日本男子中学的社会功能：从重复和退出的角度”教育社会学杂志。

河野 誠哉: "旧制中学校の内部過程における学業成績の実態に関する研究-山形県鶴岡中学校を事例として-"東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 39. 173-184 (1999)

河野清哉：《旧体制下初中内部流程中学业成绩的实际状况研究——以山形县鹤冈中学为例》东京大学教育学研究科通报。 39. 173-184 (1999)