Experimental study on the uptake ability of acid materials into the polycrystalline ice particles -Application to the mechanism of ozone hole development-

多晶冰粒吸收酸性物质能力的实验研究-在臭氧空洞形成机制中的应用-

• 批准号: 10480138
• 负责人: FURUKAWA Yoshinori
• 金额: $ 7.74万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10480138/
• 关键词: polycrystalline ice particle; ozone hole; acid materials; actual distribution coeficient; grain boundary; uni-directional growth; Mach-Zehnder interferometer; 氷結晶; 界面不安定; 平衡分配係数; 偏析係数; 一方向成長; 画像解析; 光干渉法; 一方向凝固; 干渉計; パターン形成; 画像処理

Uni-directional growth experiments of ice crystals in the water including a solute of acid or salt were carried out using a newly developed growth apparatus in combination with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Both the pattern evolutions of ice/water interfaces and the distributions of solute concentrations in front of interfaces were observed simultaneously.The interfacial patterns, which were completely flat at the initial stage of the growth, were changed to those composed by the array of regular finger cells. Then the boundaries between the neighboring cells can be regarded as the grain boundaries. Consequently, it means that the regular row of grain boundaries was formed along the interfaces. The distributions of solute concentrations were determined by analyzing the shifts of interference fringes at the vicinity of interfaces, and the actual concentrations of solutes on the interfaces were also determined quantitatively. The uptake abilities of solutes into the ice crystals through the interfaces were first discussed using the results of both observations.As a result, we clarified that, when the interfacial patterns were still flat, the amount of solute rejected at the interface during the ice growth was completely consistent with the solute amount predicted by the calculation based on the equilibrium distribution coefficient of the solute against the ice crystal. However, as soon as the interfaces were changed to the perturbed ones, the mass balance of the solute completely disappeared. This means that the solutes were incorporated along the grain boundaries.In conclusion, we determined that the actual distribution coefficients are about 0.35. This value is extremelylarger than the equilibrium distribution coefficients (0.01 or less for almost all solutes). This result strongly suggests that the grain boundaries can incorporate a large quantity of acid solutes and the polycrystalline ice particles can work as a storehouse of acid materials.

利用新研制的冰晶生长装置和马赫-曾德尔干涉仪，在含有酸或盐溶质的水中进行了冰晶的单向生长实验。同时观察到了冰/水界面形貌的演化和界面前沿溶质浓度的分布，由生长初期的完全平坦的界面形貌转变为由规则的指状细胞阵列组成的界面形貌。然后，相邻单元之间的边界可以被视为晶界。因此，这意味着沿界面形成规则的晶界排沿着。通过分析界面附近干涉条纹的位移，确定了溶质浓度的分布，并定量地确定了界面上溶质的实际浓度。利用这两个观测结果，首先讨论了溶质通过界面进入冰晶的能力，结果表明，当界面形态仍然平坦时，在冰晶生长过程中，溶质在界面处被排斥的量与根据溶质在冰晶上的平衡分配系数计算得到的溶质量完全一致。然而，一旦界面被改变为扰动的，溶质的质量平衡完全消失。这意味着溶质沿着晶界结合。总之，我们确定实际分配系数约为0.35。该值远大于平衡分配系数（几乎所有溶质均小于或等于0.01）。这一结果有力地表明，晶界可以纳入大量的酸溶质和多晶冰粒可以作为一个仓库的酸性物质。

项目成果

K. Nagashima and Y. Furukawa: "Interferometric observation of gravity effect on the horizontal growth of ice crystals in a thin growth cell"Physica. (印刷中).

K. Nagashima 和 Y. Furukawa：“干涉观测重力对薄生长池中冰晶水平生长的影响”Physica（正在出版）。

Etsuro YOKOYAMA,Koichi OKADA and Katsuo TSUKAMOTO: "PRECISE VISUALIZATION OF THE NON-STEADY STATE CONCENTRATION FIELD AROUND A GROWING CRYSTAL IN SOLUTION" Forma. (印刷中). (1999)

Etsuro YOKOYAMA、Koichi OKADA 和 Katsuo Tsukamoto：“溶液中生长晶体周围非稳态浓度场的精确可视化”Forma（1999 年出版）。

K.Nagashima and Y.Furukawa: "Interferometric observation of gravity effect on the horizontal growth of ice crystals in a thin growth cell."Physica. D147. 177-186 (2000)

K.Nagashima 和 Y.Furukawa：“干涉观测重力对薄生长池中冰晶水平生长的影响。”物理学。

古川義純,長島和茂: "氷結晶の成長と結晶パターン形成."応用物理. 4月号(印刷中). (2001)

Yoshizumi Furukawa，Kazushige Nagashima：“冰晶体的生长和晶体图案的形成”，应用物理学四月号（2001 年）。

古川義純: "氷の結晶成長における最近の発展."冷凍. 74. 975-981 (1999)

Yoshizumi Furukawa：“冰晶生长的最新进展。”74. 975-981 (1999)