Studies on Reduction of Unregulated Air Pollutants Exhausted from Diesel Engine Vehicles

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

(1)A clean-up column, a Pt/Rh reducer column and a switching valve with a concentrator column were introduced into the previous HPLC system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector. The proposed system determined trace levels of nitroarenes(NPAHs)in benzene-ethanol extracts from airborne particulates after simple treatments.(2)Airborne particulates were collected in Kanazawa, Toyama and Vladivostok(Russia), every season simultaneously. Atmospheric concentrations of 1-nitropyrene(NP), 1,3-, 1,6-and 1,8-dinitropyrenes(DNPs)showed seasonal variation(higher in winter than in summer)and automobiles were considered as the main contributor. 2-NP showed the different variation(higher in summer than in winter), suggesting the atmospheric formation. The atmospheric behaviors of 6-nitrochrysene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene have been revealed. The results suggested that not only automobiles but also other contributors were also important in Vladivostok.(3)Amounts of particulates exhausted from diesel-engine increased with the increase in loading. Amounts of organic-soluble fraction of particulate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), NPAHs and direct-acting mutagenicity were also increased with the increase in loading. Analytical results of both NPAHs and PAHs did not show the effect of the addition of dimethyl carboxylate to light oil.(4)The extracts from diesel exhaust particulates showed antiestrogenic activities in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells and antiandrogenic activities in androgen-responsive PC-3/AR cells. We found that a part of these activities were attributed to PAHs in the extracts.