International Comparison of Emission, Transport, Secondary Formation and Exposure of Toxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pan-Japan Sea Region

日本海周边的东亚国家，如日本、中国、韩国和俄罗斯，随着工业的快速发展，大气条件发生了显著的变化。研究了致癌多环芳烃（PAH）和硝基多环芳烃（NPAH）在该地区的大气行为。通过对汽车尾气采取有效的对策，它们在日本城市的大气浓度降低了。而中国和俄罗斯的一些城市则呈现出集中度上升的趋势。利用分析结果，开发了新的排放清单和化学传输模型。在大气中，另一方面，几个氧化的衍生物的多环芳烃和NPAH形成通过二次形成被确定。多环芳烃和非多环芳烃的代谢产物和次生衍生物具有较强的致突变性和内分泌干扰作用。

East Asian countries surrounding Japan Sea, such as Japan, China, Korea and Russia, have shown significant change of atmospheric conditions with fast industrial development. Atmospheric behaviors of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) were studied in this area. Their atmospheric concentrations decreased in Japanese cities by the effective countermeasures against automobile exhaust. However, several cities in China and Russia showed the increasing tendency of the concentrations. By using the analytical results, the emission inventory and the chemical transport model were newly developed. In the atmosphere, on the other hand, several oxidized derivatives of PAHs and NPAHs formed through secondary formation were identified. Several compound of metabolites and secondary formed derivatives of PAHs and NPAHs showed strong biological activities such as mutagenicity and endocrine disruption.