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Development and Decline of the Socialist Party and Social Democracy in post-war Japan

战后日本社会党和社会民主党的发展与衰落

基本信息

批准号：
11420012
负责人：
YAMAGUCHI Jiro
金额：
$ 5.38万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11420012/
关键词：
Socialist Party Social Democracy Party Politics 日本社会党戦後日本政治 55年体制

项目摘要

In the second half of the 1990s, social democratic party recaptured governments in Britain, France and Germany, In Italy, center-left coalition, formed through party realignment in the mid-90s, kept the government for years. In contrast to such political transformation, Japanese social democratic party (SPDJ) declined rapidly, and virtually appears to lose influence although there was a movement for party realignment. Reasons for this phenomenon are thus.First, SPDJ abandoned agenda for government in the late 1950s, and continued to be a minor critical force in Japanese politics. Pacifism justified its posture. Secondly, pork barrel politics by Liberal Democratic Party functioned as quasi social democratic policy, especially for countryside. Since the 1980s, reform of inefficient distribution system came to be the most important subject. However, SPDJ was not able to propose its own alternative. Thirdly, SDPJ could not capture citizens, who became politically volatile as labor unions or companies could not offer enough incentive.Although the social democratic party declined, political force that pursues the idea of social democracy will be necessary after neo-liberal reform ruins quasi safety net in the near future.

20世纪90年代后半期，社会民主党在英国、法国和德国重新执政。在意大利，90年代中期通过政党重组形成的中左翼联盟多年来一直执政。与这种政治转型形成鲜明对比的是，日本社会民主党（SPDJ）迅速衰落，尽管有政党重组运动，但几乎失去了影响力。造成这一现象的原因是：首先，社民党在20世纪50年代末放弃了政府议程，并继续成为日本政治中的一股次要批评力量。非正统主义证明了它的立场是正确的。第二，自民党的“猪肉桶政治”作为准社会民主主义政策发挥了作用，尤其是在农村。20世纪80年代以来，对效率低下的分配制度进行改革成为最重要的课题。然而，人社会无法提出自己的替代方案。第三，由于工会或企业的激励不足，社会民主党无法吸引政治上不稳定的公民。虽然社会民主党衰落，但在不久的将来，新自由主义改革破坏了准安全网之后，追求社会民主主义理念的政治力量将是必要的。