Environmental Culture in Ryukyu Kingdom

从《象象八景》中衍生出来的“八景”和“十个特别的地方和事物”的概念在世纪中期传到了琉球。《八景四条》是从朝鲜传来的，从《中山八景记》中可以看出，“八景”和“自治”是以东海为中心的大文化圈（包括中国、朝鲜半岛、琉球和日本）内各国之间重要的话语模式。1603年，一位名为太中亮条（Taichu Ryojo）的圣人来到琉球，创作了一部以“白溪”为基础的中国诗歌集。“这是受到Shosho-Hakkei的启发。从文献资料来看，这是第一部从《正正八景》中衍生出来的《八景》。胡经于1633年从中国来到这里，写下了《琉球记》，记录了琉球的壮丽景色。胡静谈到了朱赞的各种观点。他给每一个都起了一个独特的名字，比如“海浪声”、“长虹”、“石竹笋”。“每一个称谓都象征着竹山每一个景观的特点，胡青能够给每一个场景以特殊的记忆。胡经能以词造景，被称为“造景者”。1683年，使者王炽做了大量工作，包括将“中山八景”和“首里八景”应用于琉球的城市景观。王炽是琉球城市文化史上的重要人物。

The concepts of both "hakkei" as derived from Shosho-Hakkei and "jikkyo" ("Ten Special Places and Things") had reached Ryukyu by the mid-fifteenth century. The fact that the work "Hakkei Shijo" had been sent from Korea, and as can be seen in "Chuzan-Hakkei-ki," it is clear that "hakkei" and "jikkyo" were important modes of discourse between the countries in the greater cultural sphere centered on the East China Sea (including China, the Korean peninsula, Ryukyu and Japan). The saint Taichu Ryojo, a monk of the Jodo sect, arrived in Ryukyu in 1603 to compose a collection of Chinese verse based on "hakkei." This was inspired by the Shosho-Hakkei. From textural sources we can ascertain that this was the first "hakkei" which derived from "Shosho-Hakkei" in terms of selection and topic.Hu Ching arrived from China in 1633 and wrote Ryukyu-ki which recorded the impressive scenery of Ryukyu. Hu Ching spoke regarding the various views of Chuzan. He gave each a distinct name such as "The Sound of Waves," "Long Rainbow," or "Stone Bamboo Shoot." With each appellation symbolizing the characteristics of each view of Chuzan, Hu Ching was able to give particular memory to each scene. Hu Ching was able to put words to scenery and was known as a "granter of scenery." In 1683, the envoy Wang Chi did much work, including applying both the "Chuzan Hakkei" and "Shuri Hakkei" to the urban scenery of Ryukyu. Wang Chi constitutes an important personage in terms of Ryukyu's urban cultural history.