Environmental Culture in Ryukyu Kingdom

到了十五世纪中叶，源于正正-白经和“十个特殊的地方和事物”的两个概念都传到了琉球。从《白居易》从韩国寄来的事实可以看出，在以东海为中心的更大的文化圈内(包括中国、朝鲜半岛、琉球和日本)，《白居易》和《集结》显然是国家之间的重要话语方式。1603年，柔道教派的圣人太初龙珠来到琉球，创作了一部以“哈凯”为基础的中国诗集。这是受到Shosho-Hakkei的启发。从考证资料看，这是第一部取材和选题均源于《正正白记》的《琉球记》。1633年，《胡经》从中国而来，著有琉球记，记载了琉球的壮丽风光。胡静就楚赞的各种观点发表了讲话。他给每一个都起了一个独特的名字，如“海浪之声”、“长虹”或“石竹笋”。由于每个称谓都象征着楚赞每一种景观的特点，胡静能够给每一种场景赋予特殊的记忆。胡静能言道景，素有“景师”之称。1683年，使者王迟做了大量的工作，包括在琉球的城市风光上既运用了楚赞客体，又运用了舒里客体。王迟是琉球城市文化史上的重要人物。

The concepts of both "hakkei" as derived from Shosho-Hakkei and "jikkyo" ("Ten Special Places and Things") had reached Ryukyu by the mid-fifteenth century. The fact that the work "Hakkei Shijo" had been sent from Korea, and as can be seen in "Chuzan-Hakkei-ki," it is clear that "hakkei" and "jikkyo" were important modes of discourse between the countries in the greater cultural sphere centered on the East China Sea (including China, the Korean peninsula, Ryukyu and Japan). The saint Taichu Ryojo, a monk of the Jodo sect, arrived in Ryukyu in 1603 to compose a collection of Chinese verse based on "hakkei." This was inspired by the Shosho-Hakkei. From textural sources we can ascertain that this was the first "hakkei" which derived from "Shosho-Hakkei" in terms of selection and topic.Hu Ching arrived from China in 1633 and wrote Ryukyu-ki which recorded the impressive scenery of Ryukyu. Hu Ching spoke regarding the various views of Chuzan. He gave each a distinct name such as "The Sound of Waves," "Long Rainbow," or "Stone Bamboo Shoot." With each appellation symbolizing the characteristics of each view of Chuzan, Hu Ching was able to give particular memory to each scene. Hu Ching was able to put words to scenery and was known as a "granter of scenery." In 1683, the envoy Wang Chi did much work, including applying both the "Chuzan Hakkei" and "Shuri Hakkei" to the urban scenery of Ryukyu. Wang Chi constitutes an important personage in terms of Ryukyu's urban cultural history.