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Volatile components of tea and china roses and analysis of genetic resources by their biosynthetic genes

茶叶和月季花挥发性成分及其生物合成基因遗传资源分析

基本信息

批准号：
14360016
负责人：
UEDA Yoshihiro
金额：
$ 11.01万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1)The volatile components from the flowers of 64 species and 239 cultivars including Chinese taxon were analysed by using GC-MS in the head-space GC analysis. Rosa chinensis var. spontanea, native to south-western China, emitted the greatest amount of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as a key component of Chinese rose odor. Many of tea and china roses had genealogical relationship to ancestral species, R.chinensis var. spontanea and R.gigantea, through 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene(TMB) and 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene(DMMB) as the key components. However, among Chinese roses, there were some cultivars without these key components and it remains to be uncertain about the origin of those cultivars.(2)Among analysed ancient Chinese roses, we found that there were some cultivars emitted composition of volatile components different from existing Chinese roses. These are cultivars emitted well-balanced of TMB and DMMB, large quantity of TMB or DMMB and large quantity of dihydro-β-ionone. These cultivars will be valuable gene resources to breed new type fragrant roses.(3)Three O-methyltransferases were isolated from flower petals of Rosa chinensis var. spontanea and assayed to determine their substrate preferences. One of them workes well with 3,5-dihydroxyanisole, a putative precursor of TMB.(4)Phloroglucinol O-methyltransferase(POMT), which methylates the first step to produce the intermediate 3,5-dihydroxyanisole, was isolated from flower petals of R.chinensis var. spontanea and purified. The full-length POMT cDNA was isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli. POMT was expressed specifically in floral organs in accordance with its role as a key enzyme in the synthesis of rose floral scent compounds.

(1)采用顶空气相色谱质谱联用技术分析了属植物及其栽培品种(包括中国分类群)的挥发性成分。刺梨属(Rosa chinensis var.)原产于中国西南部的中国，释放出最多的1，3，5-三甲氧基苯，是月季气味的关键成分。茶树和中国月季中的许多品种都与祖先种中国月季有亲缘关系。以1，3，5-三甲氧基苯(TMB)和1，3-二甲氧基-5-甲苯(DMMB)为主要成分。然而，在中国月季中，有一些品种没有这些关键成分，这些品种的来源尚不确定。(2)在分析古代月季时，我们发现一些品种释放出与现有月季不同的挥发性成分。这些品种的TMB和DMMB排放平衡良好，TMB或DMMB排放量大，二氢β紫罗兰酮排放量大。从月季花瓣中分离到3个O-甲基转移酶。并测定了它们对底物的偏好。其中一个与TMB的前体3，5-二羟基苯甲醚有很好的协同作用。(4)间苯三酚O-甲基转移酶(POMT)是从中国大黄的花瓣中分离得到的，它是甲基化中间产物3，5-二羟基苯甲醚的第一步。自生菌和纯化的。克隆了POMT全长基因，并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达。POMT作为玫瑰香气化合物合成的关键酶，在花器官中特异表达。