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Chewing effects on intelligent activities

咀嚼对智力活动的影响

基本信息

批准号：
14370630
负责人：
ONOZUKA Minoru
金额：
$ 8.38万
依托单位：
Kanagawa Dental College (2003)Gifu University (2002)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14370630/
关键词：
Dementia occulusion Mastication fMRI Hippocampus Neuronal network Memory 大脳皮質学習・記憶高齢者歯科学

项目摘要

In recent years, much effort has been devoted to evaluating the interaction between chewing and blood circulation in the human brain ; as a result, age-related changes of chewing-induced brain neuronal activity have been suggested. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the effect of aging on brain regional activity associated with chewing in young adult ( 19-26 yrs), middle-aged (42-55 yrs), and aged (65-73 yrs) healthy humans.Using fMRI during cycles of rhythmic gum-chewing and no chewing, we found that, in all subjects, chewing resulted in a bilateral increase in the BOLD signals in the sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, supplementary motor area, and insula, and a unilateral increase in the right prefrontal area. In the first three regions, the signal increases were attenuated in an age-dependent manner, whereas, in the right prefrontal area, the converse was seen. The remaining two regions showed no significant differences with ages. These findings suggest that chewing may stimulate functionally memory-related regions in the cerebra cortex.In addition, during picture encoding, chewing caused a significantly higher increase of the BOLD signals in the hippocampus, being believed to play an indispensable brain region for memory formation, in comparison with those without chewing, implying involvement of chewing in the hippocampal network system. Furthermore, two weeks after wearing the full dentures of the aged subjects who had never worn them, higher value of the hippocampal BOLD signals were caused during picture encoding.These results indicate that masticatory function plays a crucial role in maintaining and/or recovering learning and memory in the elderly.

近年来，人们致力于评估咀嚼与人脑血液循环之间的相互作用；因此，咀嚼引起的大脑神经元活动的年龄相关变化已被提出。在这项研究中，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来评估衰老对年轻人（19-26岁）、中年人（42-55岁）和老年人（65-73岁）咀嚼相关的大脑区域活动的影响。在有节奏嚼口香糖和不嚼口香糖的循环中，我们发现，在所有受试者中，嚼口香糖导致感觉运动皮层、小脑、丘脑、辅助运动区和脑岛的双侧BOLD信号增加，而右侧前额叶区域的单侧BOLD信号增加。在前三个区域，信号的增加以年龄依赖的方式减弱，而在右前额叶区域，相反的情况被看到。其余两个区域随年龄差异不显著。这些发现表明，咀嚼可能会刺激大脑皮层中与功能性记忆相关的区域。此外，在图像编码过程中，咀嚼引起的海马BOLD信号的增加明显高于不咀嚼的海马，海马被认为是大脑中记忆形成不可或缺的区域，这意味着咀嚼参与了海马网络系统。此外，未佩戴全口义齿的老年受试者在佩戴全口义齿两周后，其海马BOLD信号在图像编码过程中值升高。这些结果表明，咀嚼功能在维持和/或恢复老年人的学习和记忆中起着至关重要的作用。