Physiological and ecological investigation of mouse deer and their conservation in Malaysia and Thailand

鼷鹿是一种原始偶蹄类动物，呈现出反刍动物的原型。从生理和生态特征的研究来看，鼷鹿虽然属于反刍动物，却表现出不同于其他反刍动物和偶蹄类动物的独特特征。我们还调查了赤鹿和日本鹿的费用比较。本财年获得的结果如下：1)胎盘的大体结构为弥漫型，母胎交界处为上皮绒毛膜，而其他反刍动物的胎盘在解剖上为多子叶型，母胎交界处为合上皮绒毛膜。鼷鹿的胎盘似乎是弥漫性上皮绒毛膜和多子叶合皮绒毛膜类型之间的过渡类型。2）嗅球位于半球前方，与其他反刍动物不同，嗅球位于半球下方。该位置与猫和兔子的位置相似。嗅觉细胞/肾小球的比例被视为嗅觉敏感度的指标。兔子的嗅觉细胞/肾小球的值是 7,000 个，剂量为 8000 个。鼷鹿的嗅觉系统在形态和功能上与兔的嗅觉系统相似，而与山羊的嗅觉系统相似。3）反刍动物的唾液腺一般较差，因为反刍动物和瘤胃微生物的消化作用。然而，鼷鹿的唾液腺发育良好，并且在所检测的反刍动物中，其银腺重量/体重的比率表现出最大的值。4)在反刍动物特异性旁系同源基因p97Bcnt上，发现鼷鹿的DNA排列具有显着的多样性。鼠鹿在紧邻逆转录转座蛋白-1(RTE-1)-外显子的5'内含子区域含有反向逆转录酶结构域(RTD)片段,白牛和鹿仅有RTD痕迹。5)对印度尼西亚鼠鹿进行了初步调查。我们项目成员中一位来自印度尼西亚的海外研究员在印度尼西亚政府的许可下开始了鼷鹿的繁育。我们的研究项目有可能启动新方法来揭示鼷鹿的本质。较少的

Mouse deer is a primitive artiodactyls showing a prototype of ruminants. From our studies on the physiological and ecological features, the mouse deer showed unique characteristics different from other ruminants and artiodactyls, despite belonging to ruminants. We investigated also barking deer and Japanese deer fee comparison. The results obtained in this fiscal year are as follows :1)The gross structure of the placenta was diffuse type and feto-maternal junction was epitheliochorial, although the placenta of other ruminants is polycotyleclonary type anatomically and synepithliochorial in feto-maternal junction. The placenta of the mouse deer seems to be a transitional type between diffuse epitheliochorial and polycotyledonary syneptheliochorial categories.2)The olfactory bulb located anterior to the heimishere different from other ruminants, which have the bulb under the hemisphere. The location was similar to that in cats and rabbits. The proportion of olfactory cells/glomerulus was … More counted as the index of smell sensibility. The value of 7,000 olfactory cells/glomerulus was dose to 8000 in the rabbits. The olfactory system in the mouse deer is similar to that in the rabbits morphologically and functionally rather than that in the goat.3)Generally, the salivary glands in the ruminants are poor, because of digestion by cud-chewing and rumen microorganisms. However, the mouse deer had well-developed salivary glands, and exhibited the largest value on the ratio of slivery gland weight/body weight among the ruminants examined.4)On the p97Bcnt, ruminant specific paralogous gene, dramatic diversity of DNA arrangement was found in the mouse deer. The mouse deer included inverted reverse transcriptase domain(RTD) fragments in the 5' intron region adjacent to retrotransposable etement-1(RTE-1)-exon, white bovine and deer have mere RTD trace.5)We carried out the preliminary investigation of mouse deer in Indonesia. One overseas researcher of our project members from Indonesia began the breeding of mouse deer under the permission from the Indonesian government. Our research project got the possibility to start new approaches to reveal the nature of mouse deer. Less