Physiological and ecological investigation of mouse deer and their conservation in Malaysia and Thailand

鼠鹿是一种原始的偶蹄类反刍动物的原型。从生理生态特征的研究来看，鼠鹿虽然属于反刍动物，但却表现出不同于其他反刍动物和偶蹄类动物的独特特征。我们还调查了剥皮鹿和日本鹿的费用比较。本财年取得的结果如下：1）其他反刍动物的胎盘在解剖学上为多绒毛型，胎母结合部为合胞绒毛型，但胎盘的大体结构为弥漫型，胎母结合部为上皮绒毛型。（2）嗅球位于海马前部，与其它反刍动物嗅球位于半球下方不同。该位置类似于猫和兔子。嗅细胞/肾小球的比例为 关于我们 作为嗅觉灵敏度的指标。7，000个嗅细胞/肾小球的值在家兔中为8000个。3）反刍动物的唾液腺一般较弱，这是由于反刍动物的反刍和瘤胃微生物的消化作用。结果表明：（1）鼠鹿唾液腺发达，唾液腺重/体重比值最大;（2）在反刍动物特有的旁系同源基因p97 Bcnt上，鼠鹿的DNA排列具有明显的多样性。鼠鹿在5'内含子区与反转录转座因子-1（RTE-1）-外显子相邻处含有反转录酶结构域（RTD）片段，白色牛和鹿只有RTD痕迹。我们的一位来自印尼的海外研究员在印尼政府的许可下开始了鼠鹿的繁殖。我们的研究项目有可能开始新的方法来揭示鼠鹿的性质。少

Mouse deer is a primitive artiodactyls showing a prototype of ruminants. From our studies on the physiological and ecological features, the mouse deer showed unique characteristics different from other ruminants and artiodactyls, despite belonging to ruminants. We investigated also barking deer and Japanese deer fee comparison. The results obtained in this fiscal year are as follows :1)The gross structure of the placenta was diffuse type and feto-maternal junction was epitheliochorial, although the placenta of other ruminants is polycotyleclonary type anatomically and synepithliochorial in feto-maternal junction. The placenta of the mouse deer seems to be a transitional type between diffuse epitheliochorial and polycotyledonary syneptheliochorial categories.2)The olfactory bulb located anterior to the heimishere different from other ruminants, which have the bulb under the hemisphere. The location was similar to that in cats and rabbits. The proportion of olfactory cells/glomerulus was … More counted as the index of smell sensibility. The value of 7,000 olfactory cells/glomerulus was dose to 8000 in the rabbits. The olfactory system in the mouse deer is similar to that in the rabbits morphologically and functionally rather than that in the goat.3)Generally, the salivary glands in the ruminants are poor, because of digestion by cud-chewing and rumen microorganisms. However, the mouse deer had well-developed salivary glands, and exhibited the largest value on the ratio of slivery gland weight/body weight among the ruminants examined.4)On the p97Bcnt, ruminant specific paralogous gene, dramatic diversity of DNA arrangement was found in the mouse deer. The mouse deer included inverted reverse transcriptase domain(RTD) fragments in the 5' intron region adjacent to retrotransposable etement-1(RTE-1)-exon, white bovine and deer have mere RTD trace.5)We carried out the preliminary investigation of mouse deer in Indonesia. One overseas researcher of our project members from Indonesia began the breeding of mouse deer under the permission from the Indonesian government. Our research project got the possibility to start new approaches to reveal the nature of mouse deer. Less