Physiological and ecological investigation of mouse deer and their conservation in Malaysia and Thailand

鼠鹿是一种原始的偶蹄目动物，显示出反刍动物的原型。从我们对鼠鹿生理生态特征的研究来看，鼠鹿虽然属于反刍动物，但表现出不同于其他反刍动物和偶蹄目动物的独特特征。我们还调查了梅花鹿和日本梅花鹿的费用比较。本财政年度的研究结果如下：1)反刍动物胎盘的大体结构为弥漫型，胎母交界处为上皮细胞，而其他反刍动物的胎盘在解剖上为多胚轴连锁型，胎母交界处为合体绒毛。小鼠鹿的胎盘似乎是弥漫上皮质区和多子叶共生体之间的过渡型胎盘。2)嗅球位于胎头前面，不同于其他反刍动物，后者的嗅球位于半球以下。其位置与猫和兔子的位置相似。嗅细胞/肾小球比例为…更多的被算作嗅觉敏感度指数。每只兔的嗅觉细胞数为7000个/肾小球，剂量为8000个。小鼠鹿的嗅觉系统在形态和功能上与兔相似，而不是山羊。3)反刍动物的唾液腺一般较差，这是由于反刍动物的唾液腺被反式咀嚼和瘤胃微生物消化所致。然而，小鼠鹿的唾液腺发育良好，其唾液腺重量/体重的比值在被检测的反刍动物中是最大的。4)在反刍动物特有的同源基因p97Bcnt上，发现小鼠鹿的DNA排列具有极大的多样性。在与逆转座子-1(RTE-1)外显子相邻的5‘内含子区域，鼠鹿含有逆转录酶结构域(RTD)片段，白牛和鹿只有RTD的踪迹。5)我们在印度尼西亚开展了鼠鹿的初步调查。我们项目成员中的一名来自印度尼西亚的海外研究人员在印尼政府的允许下开始了老鼠鹿的饲养。我们的研究项目有可能开始新的方法来揭示老鼠鹿的本质。较少

Mouse deer is a primitive artiodactyls showing a prototype of ruminants. From our studies on the physiological and ecological features, the mouse deer showed unique characteristics different from other ruminants and artiodactyls, despite belonging to ruminants. We investigated also barking deer and Japanese deer fee comparison. The results obtained in this fiscal year are as follows :1)The gross structure of the placenta was diffuse type and feto-maternal junction was epitheliochorial, although the placenta of other ruminants is polycotyleclonary type anatomically and synepithliochorial in feto-maternal junction. The placenta of the mouse deer seems to be a transitional type between diffuse epitheliochorial and polycotyledonary syneptheliochorial categories.2)The olfactory bulb located anterior to the heimishere different from other ruminants, which have the bulb under the hemisphere. The location was similar to that in cats and rabbits. The proportion of olfactory cells/glomerulus was … More counted as the index of smell sensibility. The value of 7,000 olfactory cells/glomerulus was dose to 8000 in the rabbits. The olfactory system in the mouse deer is similar to that in the rabbits morphologically and functionally rather than that in the goat.3)Generally, the salivary glands in the ruminants are poor, because of digestion by cud-chewing and rumen microorganisms. However, the mouse deer had well-developed salivary glands, and exhibited the largest value on the ratio of slivery gland weight/body weight among the ruminants examined.4)On the p97Bcnt, ruminant specific paralogous gene, dramatic diversity of DNA arrangement was found in the mouse deer. The mouse deer included inverted reverse transcriptase domain(RTD) fragments in the 5' intron region adjacent to retrotransposable etement-1(RTE-1)-exon, white bovine and deer have mere RTD trace.5)We carried out the preliminary investigation of mouse deer in Indonesia. One overseas researcher of our project members from Indonesia began the breeding of mouse deer under the permission from the Indonesian government. Our research project got the possibility to start new approaches to reveal the nature of mouse deer. Less