Property Rights

在德国民法中，还没有专门针对统一模式是否固有于各种所有权（例如有形财产、著作权或专利法）这一基本问题的全面工作。在研究和教育中，这种模式至少是隐含地假定存在的。然而，由于有形财产、各种知识产权和人格权是在完全不同的条件下发展起来的，所以这种假设是不证自明的，这种模式的描述还需要一定程度的进一步发展。为了在相似性和差异性之间划清界限，本书采用了一种考虑到这些权利的功能及其基础理论的方法。其结果是一个全面的模型，解释了产权的基本结构和功能。这与传统产权向数字时代的转移有关，即与数据和信息的权利问题有关，这个问题已被深入讨论了好几年。后者实际上是提出的模型的关键：从作为产权的逻辑前提的“Rechtsgegenstand”的起源开始，前半部分的工作重点是法律对象和处置对象（“verf<s:1> gungsobjekte”）。在本课程中，所有知识产权都被解释为“决定信息的权利”。在知识产权法中，这不仅可以脱离不太精确的“知识产权”概念，因为“知识产权”指的是数字电影和图像文件或软件副本等信息产品，很少有明确的定义。建议将这些商品理解为理想商品的信息表示，同时通过显示现有产权在多大程度上将哪些层和类型的信息分配给有资格的人，从而允许与数据所有权问题建立直接但最小侵入性的联系。研究的后半部分致力于将围绕物权的各种（有时是模糊的）概念汇集在一起。在这里，将知识产权与物权法的教条联系起来。在这方面，这些问题和概念在多大程度上是一致的，在哪些方面存在着主要的分歧，这也是不确定的。这一步骤是综合模式的核心，因为这些问题与法律客体的原则密切相关。最后，这些发现与许可证的结构结合在一起，这也是教条的，只是模糊的调查。大量的例子确保了工作与实际问题的不断联系。这不仅有助于理解，而且有助于系统地控制和验证各种结果。

In German civil law, there has not yet been a comprehensive work specifically on the fundamental question of whether a uniform model is inherent in the various proprietary rights (e.g. tangible property, copyright or patent law). In research and education such a model is, at least implicitly, assumed to exist. However, since tangible property, the various IP rights and personality rights have developed under completely different conditions, this assumption is by no means self-evident and the depiction of such a model requires a certain degree of further development.In order to draw the line between similarities and differences, the work uses an approach that takes into account the functions of these rights and the theories underlying them. The result is a comprehensive model that explains the basic structure and functioning of property rights. This is linked to the transfer of traditional property rights into the digital age, i.e. to the question of rights in data and information, which has been intensively discussed for several years. The latter are in fact the linchpin of the proposed model:Starting with the genesis of the “Rechtsgegenstand” as the logical precondition for property rights, the focus of the first half of the work is on objects of law and objects of disposal (“Verfügungsobjekte”). All IP rights are explained in this course as "information-determining rights". In IP law, this not only allows a detachment from the less precise notion of "intellectual property", whose reference to information products such as digital film and image files or software copies is rarely clearly defined. The proposed understanding of these goods as informational representations of an ideal good allows at the same time a direct but minimally invasive connection to questions of data ownership by showing to what extent the existing property rights assign which layers and types of information to the entitled persons.The second half of the study is devoted to bringing together the various, sometimes fuzzy, concepts surrounding rights in rem. Here the connection of IP rights to the dogmatics of property law is carried out. In this respect, too, there is uncertainty as to the extent to which the problems and concepts coincide and where principal differences exist. This step is central to a comprehensive model, since these problems are closely intertwined with the doctrine of the objects of law.Finally, these findings are combined with the structure of licenses, which is also dogmatically only vaguely investigated.Numerous examples ensure that the work is constantly linked to practical problems. This serves not only for comprehensibility but also for systematic control and verifiability of the various results.