Research for the establishment of artificial indoor breeding systems for the Japanese monkey using developmental technology

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Results of four year (1999-2002) investigation of embryo transfer (ET) in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in association with reproductive engineering techniques such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in vitro maturation (IVM), etc., are as follows :(1) Established method for retrieval of mature ova from eCG(PMSG), hMG and FSH stimulated ovaries using laparoscopy.(2) Established IVF-ET method for transfer of 2-4 cell embryo to the fallopian tube under laparoscopic observation.(3) Successfully produced world's first IVF-ET pregnancy and live birth in the Japanese monkey using this method.(4) Established liquid nitrogen cryopreservation method for sperm collected either by electrostimulation or directly from euthanized subjects' epididymis.(5) Established cryopreserved sperm ICSI-ET method. Successfully produced world's first ICSI-ET crab eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) fetus using this method.(6) Established zygo … More te IVM method. Successfully established world's first embryonic stem cell (ES cell) in the Japanese monkey and the crab eating macaque using this method.(7) Breakthrough in liquid nitrogen zygote cryopreservation close.(8) As of today nine artificially produced individuals weaned. As of March, 2002, 28 artificial impregnations confirmed.(9) All artificially produced individuals confirmed negative for salmonella, shigella, tuberculosis, internal parasites, external parasites, B-virus, HSV-1, SIV, SRV, SVV, filovirus, STLV, and measles antibodies. Production of specific pathogen free (SPF) individual now possible.(10) Success producing a ISCI-ET Japanese monkey remains elusive : must identify reason why.Following methods now established in the Japanese monkey : ova collection from stimulated ovary using laparoscopy ; ICSI ; fallopian tube ET using laparoscopy ; sperm and fertilized zygote cryopreservation. All preparations necessary for planned, indoor breeding of the Japanese monkey using these methods believed complete. Less