Sustainable biological production of agro-ecosystem in Tibet

2000年8月30日至10月22日，本乡、稻村、山本三人到西藏自治区东部地区的中国考察了当地的牦牛、绵羊游牧现状和小麦、大麦的农作物生产情况。此外，Takahashi和Suzuki还研究了麦田的热量和水分平衡、叶面积和气孔活动、雨水和地下水的电导率和pH值，以阐明作物反应与低二氧化碳和水蒸气含量的关系。在海拔3800m的大部分地区，小麦和大麦都有种植。在这个海拔高度以上，牦牛和绵羊游牧民族在天然草原上进行。与西藏中部相比，西藏东部有着完全不同的风景。在潮湿和温暖的条件下，有针叶林。在宁特里地区，种植了苹果和水稻。看来，像游牧西藏这样的流行认识必须改变。农民收获了许多个体…更多的L杂草燕麦侵入了麦田或大麦田。收获的植物被清洗，从根上切下，晾干，作为越冬的饲料储存。杂草燕麦不仅是一种杂草，而且被认为是一种重要的绿色饲料。以前，农民以烤大麦为主食，因此大麦在许多田地里种植。近年来，随着汉族人口的增加，小麦种植也在增加。在拉萨附近的许多田地里，种植了小麦，但大麦种植在当地村庄很常见。增加小麦种植的主要原因被认为是由于小麦产量高，氮肥利用率增加。在拉萨附近，马铃薯和玉米种植增加，温室番茄和茄子种植增加。城镇居民年人均可支配收入的增加，带来了更高水平的消费生活。城乡居民可支配收入差距逐年扩大。较少

During August 30th to October 22nd, 2000, Hongo, Inamura and Yamamoto went to the eastern region in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China in order to survey the present situation of nomadism of yak and sheep, and crop production of wheat and barley. In addition, Takahashi and Suzuki studied heat and water balance in wheat field, activities of leaf area and stomata, and electric conductivity and pH of rain and underground water, in order to clarify the relationship between crop response and low content of carbon dioxide and vapor.Under an altitude of 3800m, wheat and barley were cultivated in most fields. Above this altitude, yak and sheep nomads were carried out in natural grasslands. The eastern Tibet has the completely different landscape compared with the central Tibet. There were conifer forests under wet and warm condition. In the Nyingtri district, apple and rice were cultivated. It seems that popular recognition such as nomadic Tibet must be changed.Farmers harvested many individua … More l plants of weedy oat invaded into wheat or barley fields. Harvested plants were washed, cut off from roots, dried up, and stored as a over-winter feed stuffs. Weedy oat was not only a weed, but was considered to be a important green fodder.Previously, farmers ate "zampa", toasted barley, as a principal food, so that barley was cultivated in many fields. Recently, wheat cultivation is increasing with an increase in population of Han tribe. In many fields near Lhasa, wheat was cultivated, but barley cultivation was common in local villages. The main reason of increasing wheat cultivation is considered to be due to high productivity of wheat with increasing utilization of nitrogenous fertilizers.Near Lhasa, there was an increase in potato and corn cultivation, and tomato and eggplant cultivation in a green house. A rise of annual per capita disposable income of urban residents bring about a higher level of their consumer life. The difference of disposable income between urban and rural residents increases year by year. Less