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A Comparative Historical Study of Minorities, and their Persecution's Discrimination, Liberation in the Western World

西方世界少数民族及其受迫害、歧视、解放的比较历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
12410102
负责人：
NAKATANI Takeshi
金额：
$ 4.74万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12410102/
关键词：
Minority Persecution Discrimination Liberation ユダヤ人ジプシー少数民族移民同性愛者

项目摘要

Today's social history necessitates new methods of inquiry and new agenda as well as new sources. The problems of minority are typical of such cases where new historical questions are being created and answered. Our primary objective of this comparative project was to compare and contrast the minority problems in the history of the West. We also hoped that we might present some broad generalizations or new historical methods. It would be fair to say, however, that we have been successful in accumulating concrete data and findings on individual cases, but during the course of our three-year project, we did not reach the stage where we could present some grand synthesis. What follows is a summary of our research findings:(1) Minority groups manifest a great variety of cultural forms and social organizations vis-a-vis the majority or the host society. Such dissimilarity seems to underlie the methodological difficulty of a single approach. Our reports demonstrate the diversity in such case … More s as: ancient Greek polis, medieval Christian community, Greek Orthodox Church, Protestant Churches, modern nation states, and contemporary industrial states.(2) The nature of minority "problems" changes dramatically with the formation of modern nation states. Modern nations states seek uniformity and homogeneity of human existence, as evidenced in such areas as politics, economy, language, culture, philosophy, consciousness, and mentality. Non-conformers and deviants necessarily excluded or rendered objects of forced assimilation. Such modern ideals as reason, universality, freedom, equality, and human rights are essentially parts of the ideology of the uniform, modern society. Thus, the modern minority problems are much more intense and rigidly rooted in the social systems than in the pre-modern society.(3) In spite of their difficulties, and in part because of the harsh conditions, minority peoples created their own identities, replete with original cosmologies, theology, and worldviews. It is our common understanding that much further research is needed to analyze the process of identity formation in various historical and social settings. Less

今天的社会历史需要新的研究方法、新的议程和新的资料来源。少数民族问题是创造和回答新的历史问题的典型案例。我们这个比较项目的主要目的是比较和对比西方历史上的少数民族问题。我们还希望我们能够提出一些广泛的概括或新的历史方法。然而，可以公平地说，我们成功地积累了关于个别案件的具体数据和调查结果，但在我们三年项目期间，我们没有达到能够提出一些全面综合的阶段。本文的主要研究成果如下：（1）相对于多数民族和东道国社会，少数民族的文化形态和社会组织形式是多种多样的。这种差异似乎是单一方法在方法上存在困难的原因。我们的报告显示了这种情况的多样性 ...更多信息 s为：古希腊城邦、中世纪基督教社区、希腊东正教会、新教教会、现代民族国家和当代工业国家。(2)随着现代民族国家的形成，少数民族“问题”的性质发生了巨大的变化。现代民族国家追求人类生存的一致性和同质性，这体现在政治、经济、语言、文化、哲学、意识和心理等方面。不一致者和偏差者必然会排斥或呈现强迫同化的对象。理性、普遍性、自由、平等和人权等现代理想，本质上是统一的现代社会意识形态的组成部分。因此，现代少数民族问题比前现代社会更加尖锐，更深层次地根植于社会制度之中。(3)尽管他们的困难，部分是因为恶劣的条件，少数民族创造了自己的身份，充满了原始的宇宙观，神学和世界观。我们的共识是，需要进一步开展大量研究，以分析在各种历史和社会背景下身份形成的过程。少