BASIC STUDIES ON THE EVALUATION OF FLOWER SCENTAND ITS MOLECULAR BREEDING

我们一直在关注满天星花序散发出的难闻气味。通过顶空吸收/气相色谱分析数据与感官测试数据的比较，揭示了甲基丁酸(3-甲基丁酸和2-甲基丁酸)是表征难闻气味的成分，甲基丁酸是由氨基酸通过酮酸合成的。乙醇酰基辅酶A转移酶(AAT)催化的甲基丁酸的酯化反应不是通过乙醇处理花朵而发生的，而是与异戊醇一起发生的，导致乙酸异戊酯和甲基丁酸异戊酯的含量增加，花序释放的甲基丁酸水平降低。钛也促进了甲基丁酸的酯化，但含钛的前处理防腐剂没有去除气味的效果，这可能是因为钛在茎中的流动性较差。对氨基酸(亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)分解代谢途径中涉及甲基丁酸的基因进行Northern分析。经亮氨酸处理的花序中氨基酸转氨酶基因表达增加，释放的甲基丁酸也增加。为了详细研究气味形成的遗传方式，我们获得了不同气味水平的高雅棉自交粉尘。小红花。以两个高雅棉品种为材料，建立了转化体系，为进一步的分子育种奠定了基础。用pG121-HM载体导入GUS，获得再生植株，并检测GUS的表达。

We have been focusing on the unpleasant odor emitted from Gypsophita inflorescences. By comparing the data of headspace absorption / gas chromatography analysis with those of sensory test, it was revealed that the methylbutyric acids (3-methylbutyric acid and 2-methylbutyric acid) are the components which characterize the unpleasant odor and that methybutyric acids are synthesized from amino acids through keto acids. Esterification of metylbytyric acids , which is catalyzed by alcohol acyl-CoA transferase (AAT), did not occurred by a treatment of florescences with ethanol; however, it occurred with isoamyl alcohol, resulted in increased amount of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl metylbutyrate and decreased level of methylbutyric acids emitted from inflorescences. Titanium also promoted esterification of methylbutyric acids but pretreatment preservatives containing titanium had no effect on removing odor because of presumably the poor mobility of titanium in the stems. Northern analysis was conducted on the gene involved in amino acids (leucine and isoleucine) catabolism pathway which lead to methylbutyric acids. Gene expression of amino acid transaminase increased in the inflorescences treated with leucine, which also emitted increased amount of methylbutyric acids. To study the mode of inheritance of odor formation in detail, we obtained selfed fines with varying levels of odor of G. elegance Bied var. carminea hort. Two cultivars of G. elegance Bied were used to establish transformation system for further molecular breeding. GUS was introduced by using plG121-HM vector, plants were regenerated and the GUS expression was detected.