BASIC STUDIES ON THE EVALUATION OF FLOWER SCENTAND ITS MOLECULAR BREEDING

我们一直在关注满天星花序散发出的难闻气味。通过比较顶空吸收/气相色谱分析的数据与感官测试的数据，揭示了甲基丁酸（3-甲基丁酸和2-甲基丁酸）是表征令人不快的气味的组分，并且甲基丁酸是由氨基酸通过酮酸合成的。酯化的甲基丁酸，这是催化的醇酰基辅酶A转移酶（AAT），没有发生由处理的花序用乙醇，但是，它发生与异戊醇，导致乙酸异戊酯和甲基丁酸异戊酯的量增加，并从花序中发出的甲基丁酸的水平降低。钛还促进甲基丁酸的酯化，但预处理防腐剂含有钛没有影响，因为推测钛在茎中的流动性差，去除气味。对参与产生甲基丁酸的氨基酸（亮氨酸和异亮氨酸）分解代谢途径的基因进行了北方分析。亮氨酸处理的花序中氨基酸转氨酶的基因表达增加，这也增加了甲基丁酸的量。为了详细研究气味形成的遗传模式，我们获得了具有不同气味水平的G.优雅比德湾carminea hort.为进一步的分子育种奠定了基础。利用pIG 121-HM载体将GUS基因导入水稻，获得再生植株，并检测GUS基因的表达。

We have been focusing on the unpleasant odor emitted from Gypsophita inflorescences. By comparing the data of headspace absorption / gas chromatography analysis with those of sensory test, it was revealed that the methylbutyric acids (3-methylbutyric acid and 2-methylbutyric acid) are the components which characterize the unpleasant odor and that methybutyric acids are synthesized from amino acids through keto acids. Esterification of metylbytyric acids , which is catalyzed by alcohol acyl-CoA transferase (AAT), did not occurred by a treatment of florescences with ethanol; however, it occurred with isoamyl alcohol, resulted in increased amount of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl metylbutyrate and decreased level of methylbutyric acids emitted from inflorescences. Titanium also promoted esterification of methylbutyric acids but pretreatment preservatives containing titanium had no effect on removing odor because of presumably the poor mobility of titanium in the stems. Northern analysis was conducted on the gene involved in amino acids (leucine and isoleucine) catabolism pathway which lead to methylbutyric acids. Gene expression of amino acid transaminase increased in the inflorescences treated with leucine, which also emitted increased amount of methylbutyric acids. To study the mode of inheritance of odor formation in detail, we obtained selfed fines with varying levels of odor of G. elegance Bied var. carminea hort. Two cultivars of G. elegance Bied were used to establish transformation system for further molecular breeding. GUS was introduced by using plG121-HM vector, plants were regenerated and the GUS expression was detected.