Studies on regional population of Japan before 1960's

对20世纪下半叶和20世纪上半叶日本人口问题的研究，特别是从区域角度进行的研究仍然不够发达，本研究项目的目的是编制20世纪上半叶日本人口数据库，供科学研究和调查人口动态变化的因素。对战前日本人口转型理论应用的思考此外，本项目主要由日本人口协会区域视角人口问题研究组成员进行，该研究组由各学科学者组成。该研究项目产生了以下结果：1)完成了关于1900年以后各县出生和死亡人数、净移民估计数、1920年以后各县净移民率以及根据《日本人口普查和人口动态统计》得出的各区域人口指标的人口数据库，2)基于该数据库；从农村地区的净迁出和向城市地区的净迁入在战前就已经确定，我们认识到，即使在20世纪20年代，农村地区的回迁也存在。3)我们调查了县一级的自然增长与净迁移之间的相互关系，死亡率的季节性差异，家庭结构变化的因素，并从区域角度讨论了战前日本的人口转型过程。4)对琉球诸岛微观层面的土地利用变化与人口增长和城市化的关系以及微观层面的人口发展进行了调查。今后需要解决的问题是：1)建立更详细的数据库；2)在区域层面上对人口自然增长、迁移和城市化之间的相互关系进行更多的研究。

Studies on population issues in Japan during the second half of 19^<th> century and the first half of 20^<th> century, in particular from a regional perspective, has been still less developed and the aim of this research project was to prepare demographic database of Japan in the first half of the 20^<th> century for scientific studies and to investigate factors for changes in demographic dynamics, migration and household structures during the period considering for applying demographic transition theory in the pre-war Japan. In addition, this project was conducted mainly by the members of Study Group on Population Issues from a Regional Perspective in Population Association of Japan, composed of scholars from various disciplines. This research project yielded the following results; 1) completed demographic database concerning number of births and deaths by prefecture after 1900, estimates of net-migrants, net-migration rate by prefecture after 1920 and various demographic indicators at regional level derived from Population Census and Vital Statistics of Japan, 2) based on the database, net out-migration from the rural areas and net inflow to the urban areas were identified in the pre-war Japan and we recognized that return migration to the rural areas observed even in the 1920's, 3) We investigated the interrelationship between natural increase and net-migration at prefecture level, seasonal disparity of mortality, factors for changing household structures and discussed the demographic transition processes of pre-war Japan from a regional perspective, 4) Land use changes at micro level in connection with population increase and urbanization and the micro-level population developments concerning Ryukyu Islands were also investigated. The following points are left as future problems, 1) making more detailed database, 2) more researches on the interrelationship among demographic natural increase of population, migration and urbanization at regional level.