Objective measurement of patch test reactions due to dental metal compounds by measuring the erythema index and quantity of corneous moisture

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Using the mice delayed hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene model, we compared the ear swelling rate with erythema index (E.I. ; measured with MEXAMETER MX18【○!R】) and quantity of corneous moisture (Q.G.M. ; measured with CORNEOMETER CM825【○!R】). The ear swelling rate showed a highly significant positive correlation with E.I. but not with Q.C.M. Therefore, E.I was employed for the objective assessment of patch test reactions.To establish the optimal method for this assessment, we measured the effects of measurement intervals and tape application on E.I. during the patch test reactions in normal volunteers. At the site of metal compound and tape application, E.I. was significantly higher within 30 min after tape removal than after >40 min. E.I. was significantly higher on the 2nd,3rd, and 7th day post-patch test than before the patch test. We concluded that to eliminate the effects of tape application on E.I. most effectively, the standard deviation value (S.D.V) of E.I. at the test site should be preferred over E.I. at the control sites (sites of adjacent tape application and the adjacent normal skin).We measured the S.D.V. of E.I. in patients with metal allergy (n=10), in those with an irritant reaction (n=10), and in the control group (n=10) on the 2nd,3rd, and 7th day post-patch test. The S.D.V. of E.I. was significantly higher in patients with metal allergy than in the control group on all days examined. S.D.V. was higher in patients with irritant reactions than in the control group on the 2nd and 3rd day, but not on the 7th day. Only on the 7th day, patients with metal allergy had a higher S.V.D. than those with an irritant reaction. These results suggested that patch test reactions can be objectively assessed with MEXAMETER by employing consecutive measurements.